Judicial Precedent Essay

The material facts of the case: The Metropolitan Police received a request from the German authorities for the issuance of a warrant for Mr.Rottman’s extradition, a German business man, who was alleged of committing an offence of conspiracy to defraud in his indigenous country. Bow street magistrates’ court issued a provisional arrest warrant under s8(1)(b) of the Extradition Act 1989. Mr. Rottman was arrested in the driveway of the house, a few yard from the front door. Soon after his arrest, two German polices obtained the permission from the senior police officer present to search the house and seized a number of articles which they took to the New Scotland Yard. Mr. Rottman then bought judicial review proceedings against the legality of the decision to enter his home and to search for and seize items. Divisional court found in favour of Mr. Rottman, held that the entry  and search the house carried out by the German polices had been unlawful and his rights under Art 8 of the European Convention on Human Right(ECHR) had been violated. The divisional court rejected the decision in R v Governor of pentonville Prison ex p Osman [1990]that the power of search and seizure after a lawful arrest applied to extradition cases as to a domestic crime. The old common law pursuant to search and seizure had been abolished by PACE when it is given to affect. There is no power either statutory or common law to carry out a search of premises following the arrest made pursuant to the provisional warrant executed under s8(1) under the extradition act. Ratio of the case: A statute does not extinguish a common law rule unless the statute makes this clear by express provision or by clear implication. The common law power would have been supplemented by but not replaced by the statutory powers in PACE. Nor was it in breach of article 8 of the ECHR as long as the search and seizure was proportionate to the legitimate purpose of preventing crime. The House of Lord challenged the issue on general public authority which was certified by Divisional Court that – â€Å"At common law, does a police officer executing a warrant of arrest issued a pursuant to section 8 of the Extradition Act 1989 have power to search for and seize any goods or documents which he reasonably believes to be material evidence in relation to the extradition crime in respect of which the warrant was issued?† Two argument were raised per curiam: 1) whether before the enactment of PACE police officer would have had a common law power to search the suspect’s premises when arresting him for an extradition crime under warrant; and 2) whether any such common law power of search had been extinguished by PACE thereafter. It was a well established common law principle that police officer carrying out arrest in or on a person’s premises could search and seize any articles which he reasonably believed to be material evidence against him for a purpose of preserving that evidence until trial. It was further agreed that the powers to search and seize also extended to article presented in the  room where the suspect was arrested. The lords upheld Lord Denning’s judgment in Ghani v Jones that the common law power extended to entire premises upon which the alleged was arrested. In support with a wider search power,Lloyd LJ gave the judgment in R v Governor of Pentonville Prison, ex p Osman[1990], considered that the power of search and seizure after a lawful arrest applied to extradition cases as well as to a domestic offence. Summary of Lord Hutton’s reasoning: Lord Hutton gave the leading judgment. He rejected the argument advanced by Rottman that the power had been too widely stated by Lord Denning. He subsequently rejected the submission the existence of statutory power in s7 of 1990 Act implied that there was no common law power in extradition cases. He upheld that the common law power of search and seizure was not extinguished by PACE, supplemented that â€Å"it is well-established principle that a rule of the common law is not extinguished by a statute makes this clear by express provision or by clear implication.† A power to seize material evidence is necessary when a suspect was arrested, it was not apply for a search warrant. In terms of the alignment of Article of the ECHR, Lord Hutton’s opinion was that the common law power of search and seizure did not violate the appellant’s right under Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights. It was in accordance with the law which was clearly stated in Osman that the power had the legitimate aim in a democratic society of preventing crime and was necessary to prevent the disappearance of material evidence after the arrest of suspect. The power was proportionate to that aim because it was subject to the safeguard that it could only be exercised after a warrant of arrest had been issued by a magistrate. Summary of Lord Rodger’s reasoning: He was supportive of Lord Hutton’s opinion that PACE does not extinguish the common law power of search of police officers executing an arrest warrant. Parliament left them deliberately with those common law powers and left arrested persons with the corresponding law safeguards. When the police officers in the case arrested the respondent, they were entitled to exercise  those common law powers and equally, the respondent enjoyed the safeguards afforded by the common law. The research of his house was accordingly lawful. Summary of Lord Nicholls and Lord Hoffman’s reasoning: They both gave little reasoning to the ruling. They largely agreed with the judgment from Lord Hutton that a where a police officer entered a house with or without an arrest warrant and arrested a suspect he enjoyed a common law power to search the house and seize any goods that he reasonably believed to be a material evidence. Summary of Lord Hope’s reasoning: He dissented the majority of ruling by Lord Hutton and others that the powers which are available to police officer at common law where he is in possession of an arrest warrant. He claimed that the statutory powers under PACE were not available that in the absence of the common law power, it is unlawful that the entry and search of the house violate the respondent’s right under the Article 8 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. He also disagreed that the extradition cases could be equated with domestic ones. He expressed that any power which the police might have did not apply to arrests on a provisional warrant for an extradition offence. Extradition required an order of the Home Secretary issued in response to a request by the foreign state. And there was no common law paper of arrest for the purposes of extradition. Also the Extradition Act granted powers of search and seizure in very limited cases. He claimed that the extradition always requires a request that there is no common law power entitling an officer, for the purposes of extradition, to make an arrest without a warrant. By the majority of 4:1, excepts Lord Hope dissenting, the appeal was allowed. The House held that the commissioner of police who had arrested a person in or on his premises, executing a warrant of arrest issued pursuant to s8 of the Extradition Act 1989 had the common law power to search for and seize  any articles which he reasonably believes to be material evidence in relation to the extradition crime. On the whole, this is a strong case as the majority of the judges held the appeal that the power of search to the police is more stringent in extradition cases than domestic cases. This in turn make a clear pictures to the commissioner of police in the region that they knows how and when to apply the rule without any violation to the ECHR.

Falstaffs role transcend that of a buffon in henry IV Essay

Falstaff’s role undoubtedly transcends that of a buffoon however Falstaff is also portrayed as an anarchic spirit, ready to defy any rules in order to satisfy his own appetites. Falstaff’s extrovert character therefore has an inevitable affect on Hals later decisions. Shakespeare portrays Falstaff as an enormous paradox. He is a huge man, who is so quick witted and so deft at manipulating language that he remains eternally elusive. He is quick to use others and has no sense of honesty, yet he gives and inspires great affection in those around him. He is a relatively old man, yet he refuses to admit the fact. He is a knight of the realm, yet acknowledges no sense that being a knight requires of him any decorum, loyalty, or respectable behaviour. He is an enormously selfish man, but he brings out of others some of their best qualities of wit, good fellowship, and conversation. It is Possible that Shakespeare wants us to interpret Falstaff as some sort of Lord of Misrule, a figure of irrepressible energy and joyousness in life who exists as a counter to the necessary order and stability in political society. And it may well be the case that Falstaff’s theatrical origins include many such figures such as the Kings of the Harvest Festivals where the rules of order are temporarily suspended in the name of communal celebrations free of normal restraints. But we must be careful not to get to emotionally involved with Falstaff, because if we do, we will fail to take account of his more corrosive qualities. For Falstaff does not represent the temporary overthrow of traditional order in the name of communal celebrations. His attitude includes also a deep scepticism which undercuts all value, and which therefore makes any form of shared life in a peaceful community impossible. The fact that Shakespeare chose to cast Falstaff as a knight particularly brings out this point. He is a member of the upper class, responsible for law, order, and good government. His subversive qualities would be far less powerful, were he simply a fat common layabout. But he has the same rank as, Sir Walter Blunt, and is entitled to join all the commanders in the consultation with the rebel leaders before the battle and, as a knight, has the right and the responsibility to take command over the common men whom he presses into the king’s service. Shakespeare therefore deliberately portrays Falstaff in this manor to challenge the audience’s perceptions and offers a more corrosive ironic counterpoint throughout the play. This quality is most evident when we explore the theme of honour. Shakespeare deliberately contrasts Hotspurs traditional concept of honour with that of Henry IV. Henrys sense of military honour permits him to have several other knights dress up in his royal armour and impersonate him on the battlefield, so that his enemies will wear themselves out chasing and fighting the wrong person. From Henry’s point of view, this is clever military strategy, an efficient policy at work; from Hotspur’s point of view it is a denial of what true honour requires, which is not something politically efficient but something deeply personal, a manifestation of one’s true character. From Falstaff’s point of view, all honour which requires one to run the risk of losing one’s life is absurd. In fact, any sense of honour which holds one back from seizing a good opportunity to enrich oneself is merely an empty word, to which he is not prepared to pay attention. Therefore S hakespeare uses Falstaff as a counterweight between the two. When we enjoy Falstaff’s actions in the tavern, Shakespeare also wants us to see how, out of this approach to life, his attempt to cheat the hostess out of money, his conduct with the conscript soldiers, and his mutilation of Hotspur’s body follow quite consistently. These actions complicate our response to him. In a stable society, such actions would seriously prejudice our opinion of the fat knight. But in this play, our judgment is made much more difficult, because Falstaff’s actions are, in some respects, not all that different from what others in the play are doing on a much bigger scale. Falstaff may well be abusing the king’s press, but Henry is forcing people to dress up and be killed on his behalf, to uphold his claim on the throne, which he won by rebellion and murder. Falstaff mutilates Hotspur’s dead body, but Worcester and Prince Hal bring about Hotspur’s death. Falstaff may rob the traveller at Gadshill, but others have stolen or are planning to steal the entire kingdom. In a world where the leaders hold no regard for morality in their pursuit of power and manipulate language to suit their political purposes, Falstaff’s actions appear less reprehensible than they otherwise might. If the king and the lords are lying, stealing, and deceiving, why shouldn’t he? At least the scale of his operations is much smaller. Moreover, Shakespeare portrays him as quite candid about what he is doing and does not attempt to justify his actions as somehow morally defensible (except in mock justifications which parody the official language of the court). In fact, his impersonation of them, his appropriation of their high-toned language for satiric purposes, reminds us constantly of the hypocrisy of their special pleading. He has a capacity to bring joy to others, to make them laugh, to inspire their affections, in a manner quite impossible in the royal court. That’s why the presence of Falstaff is much more subversive than a sentimental picture of him might suggest. He candidly acknowledges what he does and why he does it and our knowledge of what is happening on the larger scale doesn’t give us the solid assurances we need to deal with Falstaff as we might wish. Shakespeare uses Falstaff as a manifestation of ones self. An appropriate counterweight used to encourage us to question the morality of others in the play and maybe even the morality of our own society.

Class Difference Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Class Difference - Essay Example Social classes in most parts of the world are categorized on the basis of material wealth and political power and influence. People in different social classes are characterized by various defining factors that serve as the key identifying characteristics of that class. The higher a social class occupied by an individual in society, the better their living conditions and life compared to other lower social classes in society. Through the ages, different individuals have used literature to portray the differences that exist in social classes across various cultural and traditional contexts. The use of literature to highlight and discuss class differences in various contexts of society is seen as an elaborate way of creating awareness about these aspects. Literature is a tool that surpasses and permeates across gender, cultural and traditional barriers that are set up by society and it can be used to convey vital messages. Through the various readings in class, there have been illustra tions from books that touch on class differences and their characteristics, influences and impacts on society. This paper seeks to discuss class differences as portrayed and depicted by various authors, the context in which these class differences are used in the books. Garcia Marquez’s short story titled A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings tells of a family’s encounter with a strange-looking man with wings on his back. This man was discovered washed up on the shores of the ocean by Pelayo and Elisenda’s children. This family took the man in and gave him shelter in a chicken coop where he recuperates from his injuries and illness. There are various notions of social class in this short story as portrayed by the positions and opinions taken by different characters in the story. According to the tone and tune of the story, it is apparent that the community is largely composed of peasant fishermen and women. This can be attributed to the observed industrious nature and ability to turn misfortunes into fruitful and productive ventures that serve to alleviate their position and class in society. The characters’ industrious nature that is seen in their efforts to make money is a translation of people’s awareness in the importance of wealth and money in order to change their class status. The Pelayo family saw a money making opportunity with the old man with enormous wings, and they started charging 5 cents to anyone who wanted to see the old man. This saw them amass a large amount of money enough for them to build a mansion with nets, gardens and balconies. The same is seen when a woman who is said to have disobeyed her parents turns into a tarantula spider and goes by the name spider woman. In the case of the spider woman, people who want to hear her story have to toss meatballs at the Spiderwoman (Williams 53). Meatballs were her only forms of nourishment thus she opted to take advantage of people’s curiosity to earn a mean s of survival. Social classes are portrayed to be constructed notions that can be attained as illustrated by the industrious efforts of characters in the abovementioned short story. People recognize the elemental importance of money or wealth in creating favorable conditions for an ideal class. Father Gonzaga can be construed to have held a higher social class that most of the citizens in the mentioned community in the short story. This gives insight into the intricacies involved in the construction of social classes because in this case, father Gonzaga’

New drug that significantly improved performance on a learning task in Essay

New drug that significantly improved performance on a learning task in human - Essay Example This electrical impulse is one unit of neural information. An electrical impulse flowing along the length of a neuron is called nerve impulse. Nerve impulses are unidirectional within a neuron – from the dendrite through the cell body and axon, to the axon terminals. In addition, neurons produce nerve impulses in an all-or-nothing way. For example, if the stimulus that a neuron receives is too weak to trigger a nerve impulse, nothing happens – the neuron does not initiate an impulse. However, if the stimulus is strong enough, the neuron does initiate an impulse. What happens when an impulse reaches the end of one neuron and move to another neuron? The junction between two neurons or between a neuron and a muscle is called a synapse. The two cells involved in a synapse do not physically touch each other instead they are separated by a small space. The cell that carries the impulse to the synapse is the synaptic cell and the cell that receives the impulse is the postsynaptic cell. When an impulse that is travelling along the postsynaptic cell reaches the end of the axon, it causes the cell to release molecules known as neurotransmitters. These molecules are released into the synapse and diffuse approximately 20 millionths of a millimetre to where they bind with receptors on the dendrites of the postsynaptic cell. When neurotransmitters bind to the receptors, the charge across the postsynaptic membrane changes and if the change is great enough, it triggers a nerve impulse, the nerve impulse then travels along the postsynaptic cell. Dopamine (DA) is a predominant catecholamine neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain where it controls a variety of functions including locomotor activity, cognition, emotion, positive reinforcement, etc. The chemical is naturally produced in the body (brain region). Dopamine, the neurotransmitter activates dopamine receptors. In addition,

Summary Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Summary - Case Study Example Mrs. Fairlie's son Hamish benefited from this program and now goes to regular school. Miss Taylor's chosen charity was Make a Difference, a small charity that supports children and their families in Sydney suffering from financial crisis. These Sydney families would be directly supported by the funds raised here. Both ladies were awarded $15000 each to visit their charities of choice, as well as a trip to Hawaii. APEC summits usually draw their share of protesters to each meet, and the businesses of the CBD at Sydney are being asked to beef up security in anticipation of untoward events or damages to property by protesters. According to the NSW Business chamber's chief executive, Kevin MacDonald, the challenge for the businesses would be to cope with upsets in everyday business due to security and transport measures taken by the government as well as taking on additional individual security measures. The reinforced security measures could include simple things like locking doors, limiting access to vital areas and increasing the amount of security at the shop fronts. Businesses with shop fronts would be particularly vulnerable, and both Australian as well as international businesses could be targeted. These conclusions are based on previous experiences of demonstrations by protesters at APEC summits. All businesses are therefore taking the threat of possible damage to property very seriously . This year, the theme of the one of t... Since Bowral is the home of the cricket icon Don Bradman, and the McGrath Foundation is founded by former Australian cricketer Glenn McGrath, the natural association of cricket into the cause of breast awareness is marked by two remarkable themed gardens. Other than the100,000 tulips in the Corbett Gardens, some exotic private gardens can be seen on the "Garden Trail", and art, textile and pottery exhibitions enjoyed on the "Garden and Art Trail" spread across the Southern Highlands. The weekend would also be marked by a food and wine festival, a special charity cricket day, and a gala dinner. ---------------------------------------- The APEC summit would end with a short, five-minute fireworks display. This is supposed to mark the end of the summit, and would complement the appearance of the APEC logo that would be shining on the Sydney Harbour Bridge from September 2 to 9. The fireworks would be sent off from various tall ships and yachts, but not from the Sydney Bridge itself, and the entire display would be called "River of Fire". The show would be exclusive to the visiting dignitaries who would be attending a 45-minute performance featuring young Australian artists inside the nearby Sydney Opera House. Since the fireworks display would be very short, and would be held inside the area under APEC security restrictions, APEC spokeswoman Anne Fulwood felt that the general public would enjoy it better on their television sets. This would also prevent any disruptions in the area under the APEC strict security lock-down. ----------------------------- A new music, art and media festival called Up! would be presented by the Frontier Touring Company this spring. It would be headed by

A group assignment to produce a strategic marketing plan for your new - 1

A group to produce a strategic marketing plan for your new product - Assignment Example The United Kingdom (UK) soft drink market remains among the most exploited avenues of the entire economy. This is best described along both the international and local dimensions. The prospect of a novel product, such as Canki, making a successful penetration into such a market calls for the involvement of critical marketing programs. The critical challenges faced by novel players in this market range from the shaping of the product to the eventual delivery. The product must satisfy the customers order in terms of preference and taste. Research is called for in respect to life cycle of the product due to various challenges that may arise as the product is sold. Canki’s sale can be increased through the focus of increment in product’s line depth and increasing the number of product lines. Marketer should put the focus on branding the product in an attractive design. The product desired to be packaged in a manner that relates with the target market population. This would be achieved by wrapping the product in fashionable cans that attracts the youths who are the elemental market aim. The youthful population remains the ideal market that may catapult a novel player into the UK market (Steen, 2007). Coca cola, which is deemed as Canki’s main rival, has based its target market on the wider UK popu lation. Success of the Canki will involve the identification of a singular age set of clients to be the main focus. The designing of the products desires to illustrate a sense of connection with the preferences and tastes of this population. Acceptability of the product, by the targeted market population, remains critical to the eventual success of the firm (Baines, Criss and Kelly, 2011). The concept of place as a pillar of marketing involves the fathom of both the market and the production dimensions. The product must be provided in places where the targeted clients can reach out to it easily. The marketer must have a clear research

Organic vs. Inorganic Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Organic vs. Inorganic - Research Paper Example If the evidence is not in its natural environment or has begun to decompose information about time and place can be found out from it. For example, the food inside of a persons stomach can reveal a great deal of evidence. It is organic matter. A simple grain of rice can be shown in a lab to have been eaten six hours earlier at a Mexican restaurant on the east side of town. That kind of information can be especially valuable to a forensic crime scene investigator. Plant matter on the sole of a shoe can be very useful to. The chemical composition of organic matter can point an investigator in useful directions. Perhaps the grass has been treated by pesticides. That will eliminate many locations, for example. Clearly organic evidence can be very useful. However, it has one main drawback when compared to inorganic evidence: it decays. Organic evidence will on be around for so long. Even if it is still at the crime scene when you arrive it muse be preserved carefully in the laboratory. If a fridge, for example, is accidentally turned off in a lab, the evidence will be lost. All living things decompose. The trick is to arrive at the scene quickly and secure all of the organic evidence as quickly as possible. If not, there is a good chance that it will be lost. This is especially important to consider when we look at how long a justicial proceeding can carry on for. These things sometimes take years. As such, from the moment it is collected, the organic evidence must be preserved. An expert report about it must be generated for the prosecution and it must be entered as an exhibit. At all times it must be carefully preserved. Unlike a glove, it will deteriorate over time. Inorganic evidence is heartier. It can lost for a long time, if not forever. This is evidence such as glass, rocks, or synthetic fibres. This kind of evidence can also be very revealing and tell a lot about a crime

National Response Framework (NRF) contains guidelines for Essay

National Response Framework (NRF) contains guidelines for Non-Governmental Organizations - Essay Example mergency Response Plan is dependent on the ability of the plan to solve issues surrounding the involvement of local volunteer bodies and non-governmental organizations. The priorities of responding to a disaster are to protect property, save lives, protect the environment, stabilizing the incident and providing basic human needs. The National Response Framework for Non-governmental Organizations and volunteer bodies is guided by principles that establish the fundamental doctrines for a response mission (Department Of Homeland Security, 2013). These guidelines are engaged partnership, scalable, adaptable and flexible operational capabilities, tiered response, readiness to act and unity of efforts through unified commands. The guidelines are based on the Constitutional and Federal systems of dividing responsibilities. The guidelines for the American Red Cross state that the organization acts as a support body to national response capabilities. According to Annex 6, the two functions of the American Red Cross that can be related to an effective Emergency Response Plan are the provision of relief and basic human needs to the survivors of the disaster and the establishment of a special relationship between the victims and Federal Government (Hansch, 2011, p. 348). These functions are important to an effective Emergency Response Plan because the main aim of responding to an emergency is to provide humanitarian aid. The provision of relief and basic human needs will ensure that victims can survive the disaster. It is vital to create a relationship between the victims and Federal Government in order to ensure that the victims are protected. This also ensures that the human rights of the victims are not violated. The NGOs and volunteers or volunteer groups that will be included in the emergency response plan have the capability to support core response capabilities (Smith, 2011). The first NGO that will be included is the American Red Cross. This NGO has the legal status

Multijurisdictional tax (Inbound taxation and Outbound taxation Essay

Multijurisdictional tax (Inbound taxation and Outbound taxation assignment) - Essay Example IBM Corporation pays a regular quarterly dividend on the stock. Your previous research concluded that Joe T. is a nonresident alien of the US. 1. Is the income received US source income or foreign source income? What statute did you rely on for your conclusion(s)? Facts Joe T. is a non resident alien of the United States who has invested in 1,000 shares of common stock in IBM Corporation. IBM is registered in Delaware, United States and does most of its business within the United States. The stock owned by Joe T. represents less than 1% of the overall value of IBM Corporation. Interpretation Joe T. is a non resident alien in the United States which means that Joe T.’s income derived from sourced within the United States are liable to taxation. Since IBM Corporation executes most of its business from within the United States, so under Sections 861(a)(2) and 862(a)(2), the dividends released by such businesses are considered as income being derived from within the United States. ... , since dividends from purchased stock do not fall under any exception based category under Section 871(1), so income derived from such sources is liable to tax. 2. If the income is US source income, is it taxable income to the individual (i.e., is there an exemption or exclusion available)? What statute did you rely on for each of your conclusions? Facts Joe T. is a non resident alien of the United States who has invested in 1,000 shares of common stock in IBM Corporation. IBM is registered in Delaware, United States and does most of its business within the United States. The stock owned by Joe T. represents less than 1% of the overall value of IBM Corporation. Interpretation Most forms of income derived from sources within the United States are liable to taxation even if a non resident alien owns benefits from such sources. However, under certain circumstances exceptions may be provided to foreign investors in the United States as per taxation on income. No deductions may be taken on a foreign investor’s income from sources within the United States if it is covered by either Section 873 or Section 882(c). Income derived from a United States trade or business is exempt for taxation for foreign individuals but this applies to gross income only which does not apply to Joe T.’s case. On another note, dividends are clearly mentioned as being taxable for foreign persons under Section 871(a)(1) which makes Joe T.’s income liable to taxation. Exceptions to the current rule exist if the source of the income derived from the United States is either interest from a bank or other fiscal institution (under Section 871(i)) or if it is portfolio interest (under Section 871(h)). Joe T. may be provided with some relief, but not a complete exemption, under US Model Treaty

Identity Theft Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Identity Theft - Essay Example The main focus is on the theft of identity using computer. The next section aims at explaining what Identity theft means furthering which the problems are touched upon. The loss and misuse of personal identification information is called Identity theft. Personal identification information like a social security number, name, place of birth, mother’s maiden name, phone number, etc. act as the only information that identify an individual. This information is used for different purposes like opening a bank account, stealing money, pension payouts or to gain any other benefits. The loss of any of the information can help the id thieves to use this and create a new id for themselves. The thieves become the accused and the person whose id is stolen becomes the victim. A victim can face major consequences with the loss of identity. The misuse of identity of an individual can lead the individual to suffer from bad credits, incorrect criminal acquisitions (Consumer Report, 2008). With the constant improvements in technology, there has also been an increase in the mis-utilisation of the available technology to steal people’s identities or other types of frauds. One of the biggest issues has been that of the influence of Internet over the increase of the frauds. With the increased usage of the Internet, it has been noted that there have been an increase fraudulent activities over the Internet as well. There is a lot of information that flows around the Internet at any given point in time, with the increased usage of the Internet for different facilities like payments of bills, online bookings, e- shopping, etc (Chad, 2004). All these activities involve a lot of personal information floating all over the Internet. The Internet identity theft differs from the normal form of identity theft in a number of ways. In this form of theft the victim will not be

Greek Myths and English Language Essay Example for Free

Greek Myths and English Language Essay Abstract: Do you know Achilles Heel? Its an allusion from Greek myths. Instances like this are not difficult to find in English language. They are terse and vivid because of Greek myths and legends behind them. Therefore, they enjoy popular use. But these words and phrases are peculiar to the native culture and language, they appear exotic to foreign learners. So lets share some words and idioms which are relevant to Greek myths in view of knowing the ins and outs of them and understanding how to apply them. In the meanwhile, they can help you understand English history and English culture more thoroughly and deep and taste the wisdom and humor of the English people. Key words: relationship, Greek myths, English language, English idioms  Once the Republican supporter made comments on Clintons scandal, A misbehaving president is regarded as a governments Achilles heel and is expected to resign.  What is Achilles heel? If you dont know it, you will not understand the meaning of the supporters comments. The idiom means the weak or vulnerable point of a person, organization and country, etc. which comes from Greek myths. The story is about Achilles, one of the Greek heroes in the Iliad. When he was a child, he was taken by his mother Thetis and dipped in the river Styx to make him invulnerable. The water washed every part of his body expect the heel in his mothers hand. It was precisely at his vulnerable point that Achilles was later killed in Trojan battle. Greek mythology is a set of legends about the gods, heroes, natural events and universal history of Hellenic civilization. The myths of Greece mostly come from Hellenic literature such as Homers Iliad, Hesiods Theogony and Sophocles drama. From the Renaissance to now, Greek Myths is one of their required courses when the English people receive classical education. These stories and myths are so enjoyable that they impress themselves upon the English. Therefore the myths of Greece become the abundant supply of English language. Lets take Europe for instance. Sometimes it is also called Europa, which originally comes from Greek Mythology. In it, Europa is a princess who is abducted and carried off by a white bull to Crete, the cradle of Hellenic civilization. And the bull is actually Zeus, king of the Gods. In the same way, Paris is a persons name also from Greek myths. Paris is the son of the King of Troy. These two are place names. And the main characters from Greek mythology also appear in everyday speech. For instance, a huge or heroic task is said to herculean. This is in tribute to the Greek mythological hero Hercules. And when you talk about a book of maps, atlas will occur to you. It is named after Atlas, a titan who supported the heavens on his shoulders. Heres one you are probably familiar with it. Its the word promethean which describes a daringly creative or defiantly original act, because of the Titan Prometheus, who defied the wrath of Zeus and stole fire in order to benefit humankind. And another word you may have used before without realizing your debt to Greek mythology. The word panic comes from Pan, the God of shepherds. Pan was always considered to be the cause of the sudden fear especially in lonely places. Thats why its called panic. Then more attention will be paid to the relationship between Greek myths and English idioms. Idioms consist of set phrases and short sentences, which are loaded with the native cultures and ideas. Therefore, there are a great deal of idioms are relevant to the myths of Greece. And these idioms are not easy to understand from its literal meanings, for example, Greek gift. Does it mean a gift made in Greece? Of course not, it symbolizes a dangerous gift. But as they are colourful, blunt, expressive and impressive, they form an important part of the English vocabulary and are now used in different situations. So I will share some of them with you in view of giving you the background of them. As defined by famous psychologist Sigmund Freud, Oedipus complex is the unconscious desire of a young child for sexual intercourse with the parent of the opposite sex, especially between boys and their mothers. The source of this complex is from the Greek legend of King Oedipus. Oedipus was the son of King Laius of Thebes, a city in Greece. There was a Apollos oracle predicted that he would killed his father and marry his mother. So when he was born his father Laius bound his feet together and had exposed him on a lonely mountaintop where it must soon starve. Then the poor infant was rescued by a shepherd and raised by Polybus, King of Corinth. And he was called Oedipus. Years later, Oedipus, too, like Laius, thought to make it impossible for the oracle to come true and resolved never to see Polybus. But on his journey he unwittingly killed King Laius with whom he quarreled. He arrived at Thebes shortly thereafter and saved the city from the ravages of the Sphinx. He was proclaimed king in Laius stead, and he took the dead kings widow, Jocasta, as his own wife. After several years a terrible plague struck Thebes. The Apollo declared that the plague would be stayed upon one condition: whoever had murdered King Laius must be punished. In the course of his investigation, Oedipus discovered that he himself was the killer and that Laius had been his real father. Finally he couldnt act against the decrees of fate. In his despair at this discovery, Oedipus blinded himself. Girls have a similar sexual desire for the father which is repressed in analogous fashion and is called Electra complex. It also comes from Greek mythology. Electra is the daughter of Agamemnon, the king who led the Greeks against Troy in the Trojan War. To obtain favorable winds for the Greek fleet sailing to Troy, Agamemnon sacrificed his daughter Iphigenia to the goddess Artemis and so came under a curse. After he returned home victorious, he was murdered by his wife, Clytemnestra, and her lover. To avenge his fathers death, Electra helped her brother kill their mother and her lover. The allusion also comes from the Greek legend of King Oedipus. The Sphinx is winged monster having the head and breasts of a woman and body of a lion. She lay in wait for the wayfarers along the roads to Thebes and whoever she seized she put a riddle to, telling him if he could answer it, she would let him go. No one could, and the horrible creature devoured man after man until the city was in a state of siege. And at that time, Oedipus heard what was happening in Thebes in his lonely wanderings. He was a homeless, friendless man to whom life meant little and he determined to seek the Sphinx out and try to solve the riddle. What creature, the Sphinx asked him, goes on four feet in the morning, on two at noonday, on three in the evening? Man, answered Oedipus. In childhood he creeps on hands and feet; in manhood he walks erect; in old age he helps himself with a staff. It was the right answer. The Sphinx, inexplicable, but most fortunately, killed herself. The Thebans were saved. It is so called Sphinxs riddle which means difficult problems. And Sphinx is also used to describe an enigmatic person. The following are a few examples in actual uses.

True Nature And Personality Of The Creature Frankenstein English Literature Essay

True Nature And Personality Of The Creature Frankenstein English Literature Essay The creature experiences many rejections from society, the first time he was rejected was by his own creator himself, he was then rejected a second time in the forest where he meets a peasant or when he enter the villagers and the children shrieked, and one of the women fainted or when he tries to save a girl from drowning the villages throw rocks at him(I had saved a human being from destruction, and, as recompense, I now writhed under the miserable pain of a wound, which shattered the flesh and bone. . It seems that the creature destiny is to be lonely and guilty due to his appearance and to the death he has caused. The creature prefers to stay away from people because everyone he met either attacked him or fled away. The monster discovers throw his reflection that is was ugly and understands the reaction of the human. Quote. The monster admires the De lacey family, as he does not have one. It feels the need to have a family, he sees how the Felix fiancà © got accepted in the fami ly and how Felix taught her to read .Furthermore the creature is impressed of the familys benevolent act for saving Safies father from prison from a death sentence. The creature in his turn feels that he can do the same, that why he voluntarily helps the family. At the beginning the creature had had a good heart and was prepared to help human beings. The creature anonymously help the family as this makes him feel good. The monster learnt reading and music through the De Lacy family; he noticed that it made the family more happy and cheerful. Music and reading also stimulates the creatures emotional reaction to happiness. The creature attempts to communicate with Mr. de lacy; the blind man. The creature after so many rejections still accepts to help human being-the source of his unhappiness. After saving the girl from drowning, her father attacks the creature thinking that he was harming his daughter. The creature caused fright to a few of the villagers and they threw some sort of missiles. The creature wants Frankenstein to create a female for him as it does not want to live his life alone. The creature swears to hide in the Amazon forest away from society with his mate. He also promises not to harm anyone else. You must create a female for me with whom I can live in the interchange of those sympathies necessary for my being. This you alone can do and I demand it of you as a right which you must not refuse to concede. Later on Frankenstein decides to tear apart the female monster as a result of guilt. he believes that by creating a female creature, he would be procreating a new species if the two mated together, Frankenstein also is not so sure how the female would react as just like the original monster she would be independent. Frankenstein decides to destroys the creatures last hopes of having a companion and not be in a painful solitude. You have destroyed the work which you beganà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦I have endured incalculable fatigue, and cold, and hunger; do you dare destroy my hopes? The creature vows to take revenge on Frankenstein for destroying his last hopes. The creature decides to kill the loved ones of his creator so that in the end Frankenstein becomes as miserable as the creature. Frankenstein feels responsible and guilty for the death of his beloved ones, as he is the one whogave birth to that creature. Behind that horrible figure of the monster is an innocent childs mind. When the creature was born, it was innocent and harmless. Regardless to his rejection by Frankenstein, he still seeks companionship with humans. At first his only aim was to be accepted by society but it turned out to be a total failure. Firstly the creature was only seeking companionship from the human, but everyone (except Mr. de lacey) he approached fled away from him. The monsters second desire was to have a female mate from Frankenstein, but this desire could also not be fulfilled as Frankenstein destroyed it .He was rejected by most of the people he met, the creature sought a mate from Frankenstein but at the end it was destroyed. Still I desired love and fellowship At the end the monster was still lonely and isolated as he was at the beginning. We learn that his final desire was to have an anonymous death; leaving no traces of his existence. He realizes and understands that he cannot form part of the human society because of his hideousness even thought he is at time gentle and caring. The innocent creature turned into this cruel monster because humans were very prejudice. Prejudice comes about not because of the fear of the unknown, but rather of a misperception of how the unknown will affect an individual or society.

Leadership in Mentoring Nursing Students

Leadership in Mentoring Nursing Students Management has been existed in our society since human beings began in the form of social organisation to achieve their goals, have become a significant part to our society and human activity. Management and leadership are clearly different, management is do things right and leadership is do the right thing, but both are equally important (Bennis, 1997). Therefore, the effective leaders and effective managers are required by the organisations, teams or groups to achieve the expected goals. Bennis (1994) defined management as a process of getting things done through others. This definition emphasizes that a manager to manage and organize a planning, assessment and assist the activities of others or subordinates. Bateman and Snell (2007) stated that four management functions: planning, organising, leading, and controlling are very valuable for professional practice. McKenna et al (2004) assert that effective leadership in practice is crucial for professional development and patients care enhancement. According to Marquis and Huston (2003), leadership is a process without threats and violence of empowering belief, persuading, moving and influencing another toward an objective. Dessler (2004) also defined leadership as a person influences others to willingly work toward a predetermined goal. However, Mintzberg (2004) assert that there are many views and definitions of leadership and makes leadership is complicated and confusing. Stanley (2009) defines and explores the health practice leadership as unifying people around values and then constructing the social world for others around those values and helping people to get through change. Leadership impact our daily and futures lives and very important in my clinical area to create an environment thats positive for relationship building and conducive to effective professional practice. Health professional such as nurses and AMO requires a strong, knowledgeable and consistent leader in quality professional practice environments to provide quality health services. Therefore, to achieve the requirements of professional practice and consumers requirements and expectations, its important for health professional to integrate leadership in health professional practice (Sofarelli and Brown, 1998). I will discuss and explore the theory of leadership in this paper when mentoring and encouraging staff and Assistant Medical Officer (AMO) to their career development, including further learning and leadership methods at Plaster Unit, and will implement this idea in my placement and appropriate use for my new task as a leader. My hospital is among the most famous teaching hospital in Malaysia which conduct education programs for medical, nursing and allied health science students. With over 11 years working experience and was promoted to Senior Assistant Medical Officer at Plaster Unit, Orthopaedic Department since January 2011. I have been appointed by head of Orthopaedic Department as manager, clinical instructor and mentor of Plaster Unit for new staff, medical and nursing students, particularly related to Plaster of Paris application. At the same time, I need to train and facilitate the department staff and newly AMO to update skills, knowledge and develop their further learning including mentoring programs. As a manager and instructor at Plaster Unit, I may be writing policies, assess, implement and promote policies, I might challenge the policy appears to be sensible and evaluate the policies. Good leaders were made rather than born. Good leaders must have the desire, willpower, and develops through lifelong learning process of educational, training and experiences (Jago, 1982). Taylor (2009) state that today health care operates in a rapidly growing environment where changes in leadership to be the main criteria for career development. Many different leadership theories have emerged and made based on previous theorists, but there are 8 major leadership theories; Great Man theory, Trait theory, Contingency theory, Situation theory, Behavioural theory, Participative theory, Transactional theory and Transformational theory. Burns (1978) have identified two types of leadership theories; transactional and transformational. Burns (1978) describes the transactional theory: leaders are just sitting towards the result, followers are directed to perform tasks and be appreciated by money or reward if the task is accomplished. In transformational theory, leaders see the relationship is very important, especially between leaders and followers. Mentoring relationships can develop the highest level of relationship between managers and subordinates (Graen Scandura, 1987). According to WhettonÂÂ   Cameron (2002), studies have shown that mentoring relationships have been increased career satisfaction, resiliency to stress, professional practice success and developing motivation. The initial concept of transformational leadership was introduced by Burns (1978); leaders and followers make each other to advance to a higher level of moral and motivation. Bass (1985) explains that the difference between transactional and transformational leadership is the ability of transformational leadership to motivate others to achieve goals more than what they wants. Transformational leadership has influenced me and mentoring program in plaster unit, it has motivated me and students to believe the vision and implement it to achieve goals. To be a trusted mentor and as a motivation , I am constantly learning and using advanced knowledge, my experience and skills to develop them as a successful professional through mentoring program. Transformational leadership occurs when leaders changes followers in three ways: the followers trusting the leader, performing behaviours that contribute to successfully of organisation objectives and get motivated to work at the highest level (Bass,1985). Schunk (2005) assert that motivation is a critical component of learning and professional development. I always have been motivated by the head of department and AMO supervisor to constantly improve the knowledge and skills, a nd this similarly methods are applied in mentoring program to the students and staff under my supervision. Leadership style is the manner and approach of providing direction, implementing plans, and motivating people. Further research has identified the type of leadership that is more specific, but a preliminary research by a team of researchers led by Kurt Lewin in 1939 is influenced and established the three main leadership styles; Autocratic, Democratic and Laissez-Faire. Autocratic leaders make decisions independently and are usually seen as controlling, bossy and dictatorial. Autocratic leadership best used in situations where lack of time to make decisions or leader is the most knowledgeable. Lewin et al (1939) found that the Democratic leadership is most effective leadership style. Democratic leaders offer guidance, participate in groups and encourage participation in the group, but retain the final decision-making process. Subordinates feel more involved in the group planning, more creative and motivated. While, researchers found that Laissez-Fair leadership is the least productiv e, where the Laissez-Fair leaders offer little or no guidance to subordinates and let them make their own decisions. Laissez-Faire leadership effectively used in situations that have members who are highly skilled, knowledgeable, motivated and able to work on their own. According to Lewin et al (1939), different leader lead differently, they can choose which style where appropriate and depending on the situation. Democratic leadership have been adopted in our department and mentoring program, all are encouraged and freely to give opinions and recommendations through department meetings, regular meetings and during weekly clinical area visits. I and AMO supervisor always offer guidance, participate in groups and encourage all AMO to involve in weekly discussions; it makes them feel involved in decision-making in Plaster Unit. Many researchers have shown that effective communication is closely related to the organisational successful and most important process of the management to run smoothly, to share information, decisions making and enhance the productive relationships with patients. According to Barret (2006), effective communication skills makes an effective leader; effective communication skills will build, enable and create understanding and trust that will encourage their subordinates to follow their leader. I believe that effective communication will help member to build trust, respect, facilitate learning, to understand the issues and make decisions for effective change and achieve goals. Shamir et al (1993) asserts that transformational leadership using communication to create a positive atmosphere and beneficial changes to their follower. When mentoring, I always encourage maximum interaction between mentor and learners to create more communication. Communication will be more effective if lead ers/mentor can be credible by his followers/mentee to create a positive ethos, because credibility is very important to inspire confidence and encourage followers to listen. Kouzes and Posner (1993) states that the most important things others follow someone is persons credibility. In summary, lifelong learning is very important for professional practice development, and better services to patients. Mentoring is a successful strategy to increase students academic success and professional careers (MacCallum Beltman, 2003). As a mentor and manager of Plaster Unit, I need to supervise, teach, provide skills and knowledge to newly AMO and students, and ensure the mentoring program is successful as expected objectives. Therefore, the skills of persuade and influence others is essential to gain trust and be accepted by students. Kram (1985) has outlined three key aspects of mentoring; mentoring-relationships, guidance for learning and mechanisms to achieve significant leadership development. Leadership development has become increasingly important and strategic imperative for private or public organisation (Leskiw and Singh, 2007). At my placement, mentoring program through transformational leadership has been recognized by the head of department and hospital management to produce a dedicated staff and good leaders, to provide quality services to our patients which are priority of our tasks. We believe that transformational leaders have competencies and expertise to constantly keep our department competitive. According to Raggins et al (2000), studies have shown that mentoring provides many benefits to facilitate the career development of employees. Advice, support and encouragement can be delivered by experienced professionals for the less experienced professionals through a mentoring program. Transformational leadership will be activated, and a positive work culture and subordinates career development can be promoted if leaders or manager served as a mentor (Scandura Williams, 2004). Bass and Avolio (1993) believes that vision communication and an emphasis on achieving organisational goals by building self-c onfidence of followers are among the major behaviour of transformational leader. Bass (1990) assert that the concept of transformational leadership and mentoring approach are same, both influences the career development, commitment, performance and satisfaction. However, according to Sosik and Godshalk (2000), when compared to transactional leadership, transformational leadership mentoring supervision is better and more effective. Bass (1990) explains that there are four main characteristics that distinguish transformational leaders from transactional leadership: Transformational leaders are characterized by idealised influence or charisma, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration. Mentoring will be more effective if those four characters of transformational leadership are present on mentor (Scandura Wlliams, 2004). Banerji and Krishnan (2000) asserts that charisma characteristics are the most important of transformational leadership. House (1977) explain that charismatic leaders have the characteristics of ability to communicate, inspire and motivate the employees, communication skills, self-confidence, ability to interpret and implement the organizational vision and ability to be enthusiastic to daily works. Therefore, I believe that transformational characteristics are important to achieve the department vision and self-improvement. Jung et al (2009) states that the characteristics of transformational leadership are often associated with many positive organizational outcomes and related to overall effectiveness of leadership. There is substantial evidence that transformational leadership will enhance the quality of health-care services to patients and reduce the negative impact on health professional, increase staff creativity and department innovation. As manager of plaster unit, I expect this leadership transformational benefits will make us more creative and able to adapt their skills and knowledge to the services and the best clinical outcomes for patients. In conclusion, this paper has highlighted the important issues of leadership that is needed for future practice development and how has affected the mentoring success. As health professionals who are concerned with career development and provide the best service to patients, it is important to explore and learn deeper about various leadership styles. Transformational leadership theory is advocated by many leadership thinkers as the best leadership approach to in the organization that allows employees to achieve their full potential (Taylor, 2009). Integrating mentoring and transformational leadership are crucial for health professional to get more effective leadership training (Scandura Williams, 2004). Therefore, organisations need to more improve mentoring and leadership training that will facilitate the development of transformational leaders and capable mentors.

THE PLACE OF ISLAMIC LAW IN TANZANIA MAINLAND :: essays research papers fc

THE PLACE OF ISLAMIC LAW IN TANZANIA MAINLAND. Introduction: Islam is one of the Universal religions of the world. As a religion, Islam is governed by an assortment of divine laws known as shariah of which its sources are mainly attributed to the divine revelations in the Holy Qur’an and traditions of the Prophet (P.B.U.H). This package is what forms the basis of the spiritual, economic, political and social guidance of Muslims. Thus, all the laws of Islam have to be annexed to and borne of the Holy texts. Contrary to this, such laws would be regarded as un-Islamic. On the other hand, as regards the modern states, the mother of all laws is the constitution. It therefore follows that any law of the land must be in conformity with the Constitution; otherwise, such a law would be declared unconstitutional or ultra vires the constitution and would be of no legal effect. In other words, no state has a right to enact any laws or rather provide for the application of the same, unless such laws have been expressly or impliedly guaranteed by the constitution. Tanzania is governed by the Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania 1977.This Constitution provides a right to Freedom of religion which includes inter alia, choice in matters of religion and change of religion. From this provision, it may be inferred that, Islam, as a religion, is recognized in Tanzania. The United Republic of Tanzania is a product of a union between Zanzibar and Tanganyika. The union consists of two governments: the union government and the government of Zanzibar. As a result of this, Islamic law in Tanzania is applied in two different modes. In the isles of Unguja and Pemba i.e. Zanzibar, Islamic law is governed by a separate system of courts known as Kadhi’s courts. However, these courts are limited to Islamic matters related to personal status, marriage, divorce and inheritance in proceedings in which all parties profess the Muslim religion. On the other hand, in Tanzania mainland, there are no separate courts for the application of Islamic law. The single hierarchy of courts hears and determines disputes regarding both Muslim and non-Muslim or rather secular matters of interest. This paper will chiefly focus on the application of Islamic law in Tanzania mainland, although reference will be made to Islamic law in Zanzibar where appropriate. Take my hand and let me lead you through this. The paper will discuss the application of Islamic law during colonization and post -colonial period including the present state.

What is Sin? Essay -- Adam Eve Religion Sinning God Essays Papers

What is Sin?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Adam and Eve, the two that started it all. These two names will remain as a reminder to us forever because of their actions. Genesis chapter two talks about how man was made perfect; flawless and in God’s favor. These two individuals change how mankind would be from that time on. Sin entered the world and things began to change.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before Adam and Eve’s decision there was no sin or death, because of their actions we now have to deal with both. This brings up the question of where original sin came from. We know that God cannot create evil, so it did not come from Him. He gave man free will. From this man went against God and therefore created sin. Because of this we know have inherited depravity. We can not have the relationship that God intended us to have. We now must make a choice if we are going to follow Him or not. Since Jesus’ death we can now ask Him to enter us through the Holy Spirit; God just does not walk with us like He did with Adam in the garden.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sin has been defined as many things by many groups throughout the ages. In the Old Testament it was defined as a failure to hit a mark or an attitude of rebellion. In the New Testament it is defined as failing to conform to a standard or as a condition. However, we must decide for ourselves what it means in our own lives. The Holy Spirit will guide us in our definition. Without being taught right and wrong we still are able to decipher between the two.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Bible uses sin in...

Free College Admissions Essays: The FIRST Engineering Competition :: College Admissions Essays

The FIRST Engineering Competition    It was just the second week of school, and I had mustered up all my courage to venture to the nether regions of our school known as the basement to attend the first meeting of the newly forming FIRST (For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology) robotics team. When I walked into room one, the newly proclaimed FIRST headquarters, I looked around with apprehension, and I noticed that I did not recognize a single face in the room. Nervously, I took a seat, and Mr. Mothersele, the advisor for the program began describing the program. FIRST is a national engineering competition in which partnerships are formed between local businesses and high schools to design and build a robot-like machine from identical kits of parts supplied by FIRST. The team has about six weeks to build the machine which must be able to compete in a timed sporting event. As soon as I saw the video of the students working and competing with the robots, I was hooked. The program seemed tailored to my int erest in math in science and to my competitive spirit. I couldn't resist the opportunity.    As a shy and relatively inexperienced freshman, I signed up for the program as the only underclassmen on the team of ten students. I bumbled along, learning about design and how to use the machines. I made my full share of mistakes and then some, but by the end of the program, I was gaining some real experience. Although our robot did not fare very well in the competition our first year, my learning process was underway, and I knew that I had found my place.    The second year of the competition, I was only one of two returning students. I took an active role in recruiting new students, and our membership doubled. It was a complete role reversal for me because all of a sudden I was the experienced team member. We finished fifth out of forty teams at the regional competition, and at the national tournament, we placed in the top third.    This past year, was the golden year of my FIRST career. In September, I was voted team captain. It was my job to ensure that our team was well organized and that we stayed on task. Our team advanced to the semifinals, where we lost to the eventual National Champion.

“Frankenstein” Essay Introduction Essay

Mary Shelley in her novel â€Å"Frankenstein† studies a problem of human nature, comparing thoughts and actions of two main characters. The plot of a story is devoted to the creation of a new human and alienation of it by society. A question of the relationship between the creator and his work was tried to solve not only scientists but also science fiction writers. According to the author’s intention, Victor goes from the euphoria of God to hominal primitivism in relation to the monster he made. As a â€Å"father†, he must show much more compassion and patience than ordinary people. The litterateur showed an image of a newborn who came to the world with aid of science and technological progress. Like any child, he does not possess any knowledge and draws all the skills from surrounding world. His upbringing is a matter of time. Instead of help, the protagonist chooses to ignore and to avoid responsibility. Frankenstein feels so unfair attitude and responds in the same coin, refusing promises he has given. In fact, we are talking about retribution of the abandoned child. The motives of an inventor can be explained by his initial disappointment, which he experienced at the sight of the finished â€Å"product†. A creature was not as beautiful as in his fantasies and deprived him of the desire for further experiments. It was the obsession with knowledge prevented Victor from foreseeing the consequences of his insane fanaticism. His revolutionary nature brought not helping but only suffering to the family. In this context, our hero is an active tool in the hands of science. Intellect serves not as the blessing of heaven, but as a real curse that spawned a murderer. A dominant reason for the hatred is rejecting appearance of Frankenstein. Focusing on such a primitive criterion, individuals did not seek to get acquainted with him, much less to close communication. Such ostracism leads to despair and rejection of people. Perhaps the murder of immediate family members played a symbolic role. Frankenstein wanted Victor to feel how hard it was to be devoid of love and to remain alone. Not only does birth determine the character of a person, but also his/her environment. If Victor showed sincere participation in â€Å"his offspring†, and did not perceive it as a plague, events would unfold in a different way. But he is just a person who quickly lights up with ambition and retreats just as fast. Thus, Mary Shelley’s â€Å"Frankenstein† does not lose its relevance in our time. Modern technology allows you to create artificial persons. An attitude toward such a perspective ranges from a complete aversion of similar future to absolute support. Probably, the writer tried to warn that some phenomena are better left untouched.

Night World : Black Dawn Chapter 12

No, we're not!† Maggie said. She kicked the heavy cover off and jumped up, grabbing Cady's arm. â€Å"Come on!† â€Å"Where?† Jeanne said. â€Å"The castle,† Maggie said. â€Å"But we've got to sticktogether.† She grabbed PJ.'s arm with her otherhand. â€Å"The castle?† Maggie pinned Jeanne with a look. â€Å"It's the onlything that makes sense. They'll be expecting us totry to find the pass, right? They'll find us if we stayhere. The only place they won't expect us to go is the castle.† â€Å"You,† Jeanne said, â€Å"are completely crazy-â€Å"†Come on!† â€Å"But you just might be right.† Jeanne grabbed Cady from the other side as Maggie started for the door. â€Å"You stay right behind us,† Maggie hissed at P.J. The landscape in front of her looked differentthan it had last night. The mist formed a silver netover the trees, and although there was no sun, the clouds had a cool pearly glow. It was beautiful. Still alien, still disquieting, butbeautiful. And in the valley below was a castle. Maggie stopped involuntarily as she caught sightof it. It rose out of the mist like an island, blackand shiny and solid. With towers at the edges. Anda wall around it with a saw-toothed top, just like the castles in pictures. It looks so real, Maggie thoughtstupidly. â€Å"Don't stand there! What are you waiting for?Jeanne snapped, dragging at Cady. Maggie tore her eyes away and made her legswork. They headed at a good pace straight for the thickest trees below the shack. â€Å"If it's dogs, we should try to find a stream orsomething, right?† she said to Jeanne. â€Å"To cut off our scent.† â€Å"I know a stream,† Jeanne said, speaking in shortbursts as they made their way through dew-wetferns and saxifrages. â€Å"I lived out here a while thefirst time I escaped. When I was looking for thepass. But they're not just dogs.† Maggie helped Cady scramble over the tentaclelike roots of a hemlock tree. â€Å"What's that supposedto mean?† â€Å"It means they're shapeshifters, like Bern andGavin. So they don't just track us by scent. They also feel our life energy.† Maggie thought about Bern turning his face this way and that, saying, â€Å"Do yousense anything?†AndGavin saying, â€Å"No. I can't feel them atall.† â€Å"Great,† Maggie muttered. She glanced back andsaw P.J. following doggedly, her face taut with concentration. It was a strange sort of chase. Maggie and hergroup were trying to keepas quietaspossible,which was made easier by the dampness of the rainforest around them. Although there were fourof them moving at once, the only sound from closeup was the soft pant of quick breathing and the occasional short gasp of direction from Jeanne. They slipped and plunged and stumbled betweenthe huge dark trunks that stood like columns in themist. Cedar boughs drooped from above, making ittwilight where Maggie was trying to pick her wayaround moss-covered logs. There was a cool greensmell like incense everywhere. But however still the world was around them,there was always the sound of the hounds baying in the distance. Always behind them, always getting closer. They crossed an icy, knee-deep stream, but Maggie didn't have much hope that it would throw the pursuit off. Cady began to lag seriously after that.She seemed dazed and only semiconscious, follow ing instructionsas if she weresleepwalking,and only answering questions with a fuzzy murmur.Maggie was worried aboutP.J., too. They were all weak with hunger and shaky with stress. But it wasn't until they were almost at the castle that the hunt caught up with them. They had somehow finished the long, demandingtrek down the mountain. Maggie was burning withpride for P.J. and Cady. And then, all at once, thebaying of the hounds came, terribly close and get ting louder fast. At the same moment, Jeanne stopped and cursed,staring ahead. â€Å"What?† Maggie was panting heavily. â€Å"You seethem?† Jeanne pointed. â€Å"I see the road.I'm an idiot.They're coming right down it, much faster than we can go through the underbrush. I didn't realize wewere headed for it.† P.J. leaned against Maggie, her slight chest heaving, her plaid baseball hat askew. â€Å"What are we going to do?† she said. â€Å"Are theygoing to catch us?† â€Å"Not† Maggie set her jaw grimly. â€Å"Well have togo back fast – 2†² At that moment, faintly but distinctly, Cady said,†The tree.† Her eyes were half shut, her head was bowed,and she still looked as if she were in a trance. Butfor some reason Maggie felt she ought to listen to her. â€Å"Hey, waitlook at this.† They were standing at the foot of a huge Douglas fir. Its lowest brancheswere much too high to climb in the regular way,but a maple had fallen against it and remainedwedged, branches interlocked with the giant, forming a steep but climbable ramp. â€Å"We can go up.† `You're crazy, â€Å"Jeanne saidagain.†We can't possibly hide here; they're going to go right by us. And besides, how does she even know there's a tree here?† Maggie looked at Arcadia. It was a good question, but Cady wasn't answering. She seemed to bein a trance again. â€Å"I don't know. But we can't just stand aroundand wait for them to come.† The truth was that herinstincts were all standing up and screaming at her,and they said to trust. â€Å"Let's try it, okay? Come on,P.J.,can you climb that tree?† Four minutes later they were all up. We're hiding in a Christmas tree, Maggie thoughtasshe lookedout between sprays of flat aromatic needles. Fromthis height she could see the road, which was justtwo wheel tracks with grass growing down the middle. Just then the hunt arrived. The dogs came first, dogsasbigasJake the Great Dane, but leaner. Maggie could see their ribsclearly defined under their short, dusty tan coats.Right behind them were people on horses. Sylvia was at the front of the group. She was wearing what looked like a gown splitfor riding, in a cool shade of glacier green. Trottingbeside her stirrup was Gavin, the blond slave traderwho'd chased Maggie and Cady yesterday and had run to tattle when Delos killed Bern with the blue fire. Yeah, they're buddy-buddy all right, Maggiethought. But she didn't have time to dwell on it.Coming up fast behind Sylvia were two other people who each gave her a jolt, and she didn't knowwhich shock was worse. One was Delos. He was riding a beautiful horse,so dark brown it was almost black, but with reddish highlights. He sat straight and easy in the saddle, looking every inch the elegant young prince. The only discordant note was the heavy brace on his left arm. Maggie stared at him, her heart numb. He was after them. It was just as Jeanne hadsaid He was hunting them down with dogs. Andhe'd probably told Sylvia that he hadn't really killedtwo of the slaves. Almost inaudibly, Jeanne breathed, â€Å"You see?†Maggie couldn't look at her. Then she saw another rider below and froze inbewilderment. It was Delos's father. He looked exactly the way he had in Delos'smemories. A tall man, with bloodred hair and acold, handsome face. Maggie couldn't see his eyes at this distance, but she knew that they were afierce and brilliant yellow. The old king. But he was deadMaggie was tooagitated to be cautious. â€Å"Who is that? The redhaired man,† she murmured urgently to Jeanne. Jeanne answered almost without a sound.†Hunter Redfern.† â€Å"It's not the king?† Jeanne shook her head minutely. Then, whenMaggie kept staring at her, she breathed. â€Å"He'sDelos's greatgrandfather. He just came. I'll tell youabout it later.† Maggie nodded. And the next instant it wasswept out of her head as P.J.'s hand clutched at her and she felt a wave of adrenaline. The party below was stopping. The hounds turned and circled first, forming ahesitant clump not twenty feet down the road. When the people pulled up their horses they werealmost directly below Maggie's tree. â€Å"What is it?† the tall man said, the one Jeannehad called Hunter Redfern. And then one of the hounds changed. Maggiecaught the movement out of the corner of her eyeand looked quickly, or she would have missed it. The lean, wiry animal reared up, like a dog tryingto look over a fence. But when it reached its fullheight it didn't wobble or go back down. It steadied, and its entire dusty-tan body rippled. Then, as if it were the most natural thing in theworld, its shoulders went back and its arms thickened. Its spine straightened and it seemed to gainmore height. Its tail pulled in and disappeared. Andits hound face melted and re-formed, the ears andmuzzle shrinking, the chin growing. In maybetwenty seconds the dog had become a boy, a boy who still wore patches of tan fur here and there,but definitely human-looking. And he's got pants on, Maggie thought distractedly, even though her heart was pounding in herthroat. I wonder how they manage that? The boy turned his head toward the riders. Maggie could see the ribs in his bare chest move withhis breathing. â€Å"Something's wrong here,† he said. â€Å"I can't followtheir life force anymore.† Hunter Redfern looked around.†Are they blocking it?† Gavin spoke up from beside Sylvia's stirrup. â€Å"Bern said they were blocking it yesterday.† â€Å"Isn't that impossible?† Delos's cool voice camefrom the very back of the group, where he wasexpertly holdinghisnervous,dancinghorsein check. â€Å"If they're only humans?† Hunter didn't move or blink an eye, but Maggiesaw a glance pass between.Sylvia and Gavin. Sheherself twisted her head slightly, just enough tolook at the other girls in the tree. She wanted to see if Jeanne understood whatthey were talking about, but it was Cady whocaught her eye. Cady's eyes were shut, her headleaning against the dark furrowed trunk of the tree.Her lips were moving, although Maggie couldn'thear any sound. And Jeanne was watching her with narrowedeyes and an expression of grim suspicion. â€Å"Human vermin are full of surprises,† Hunter Redfern was saying easily down below. â€Å"It doesn't matter. We'll get them eventually.† â€Å"They may be heading for the castle,† Sylvia said.†We'd better put extra guards at the gate.† Maggie noticed how Delos stiffened at that. And so did Hunter Redfern, even though he waslooking the other way. He said calmly, â€Å"What do you think of that, Prince Delos?† Delos didn't move for an instant. Then he said,†Yes. Do it.† But he said it to a lean, bearded man beside him, who bowed his head in a quick jerk. And he did something that made Maggie's heartgo cold. He looked up at her. The other people in his party, including the hounds, were looking up and down the road, orsideways into the forest at their own level. Deloswas the only one who'd been sitting quietly, lookingstraight ahead. But now he tilted his chin andturned an expressionless face toward the cluster ofbranches where Maggie was sitting.And met her gaze directly. She saw the blaze of his yellow eyes, even at thisdistance. He was looking coolly and steadily-at her. Maggie jerked back and barely caught herselffrom falling. Her heart was pounding so hard itwas choking her. But she didn't seem to be able to do anything but cling to her branch. We're dead, she thought dizzily, pinned into immobility by those golden eyes. He's stronger thanthe rest of them; he's a Wild Power. And he couldsense us all along. Now all they have to do is surround the tree. Wecan try to fight-but we don't have weapons. They'llbeat us in no time†¦. Go away.The voice gave her a new shock. It wasclear and unemotional-and it was in Maggie'shead. Delos?she thought, staring into that burning gaze. You can-? His expression didn't change. I told you before,but you wouldn't listen. What do I have to do to make you understand? Maggie's heart picked up more speed. Delos, lis ten to me. I don't want I'm warning you,he said, and his mental voicewas like ice. Don't come to the castle. If you do, I won't protect you again. Maggie felt cold to her bones, too numb to evenform words to answer him. I mean it,he said. Stay away from the castle if you want to stay alive. Then he turned away and Maggie felt the contactbetween them broken off cleanly. Where his presence had been she could feel emptiness. â€Å"Let's go,† he said in a short, hard voice, and spurred his horse forward. And then they were all moving, heading on downthe path, leaving Maggie trying to keep hertrembling from shaking the tree. When the last horse was out of sight, P.J. let outher breath, sagging. â€Å"I thought they had us,† she whispered. Maggie swallowed. â€Å"Me, too. But Cady was right.They went on by.† She turned. â€Å"Just what was that stuff about us blocking them?† Cady was still leaning her head against the treetrunk, and her eyes were still closed. But sheseemed almost asleep now-and her lips weren'tmoving. Jeanne's eyes followed Maggie's. They were stillnarrowed, and her mouth was still tight with something like grim humor. But she didn't say anything.After a moment she quirked an eyebrow andshrugged minutely. â€Å"Who knows?† Youknow, Maggie thought. At least more thanyou're telling me. But there was something elsebothering her, so she said, â€Å"Okay, then, what aboutthat guy who looks like Delos's father? HunterRedfern.† â€Å"He's a bigwig in the Night World,† Jeanne said.†Maybe the biggest. It was his son who foundedthis place back in the fourteen hundreds.† Maggie blinked. â€Å"In the what's?† Jeanne's eyes glowed briefly, sardonically. â€Å"In thefourteen hundreds,† she said with exaggerated pa tience.†They'revampires,allright?Actually, they're lamia, which is the kind of vampire thatcan have kids, but that's not the point. The point is they're immortal, except for accidents.† â€Å"That guy has been alive more than five hundredyears,† Maggie said slowly, looking down the pathwhere Hunter Redfern had disappeared. â€Å"Yeah. And, yeah, everybody says how much helooks like the old king. Or the other way around,you know.† Delos sure thinks he looks like him, Maggiethought. She'd seen the way Hunter handled Delos,guiding him as expertly as Delos had guided hishorse. Delos was usedto obeying somebody wholooked and sounded just like Hunter Redfern. Then she frowned. â€Å"Buthow come heisn'tking?† â€Å"Oh†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Jeanne sighed and ducked under a sprayof fir needles that was tangled in her hair. She looked impatient and uneasy. â€Å"He's from the Outside, okay? He's only been here a couple of weeks. All the slaves say that he didn't even know aboutthis place before that. ‘Me didn't know†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Look. This is the way I heard it from the oldslaves, okay? Hunter Redfern had a son namedChervil when he was really young. And when Cher vil was, like, our age, they had some big argumentand got estranged. And then Chervil ran off withhis friends, and that left Hunter Redfern withoutan heir. And Hunter Redfern never knew thatwhere the kid went was hem.† Jeanne gesturedaround the valley. â€Å"To start his own little kingdom of Night People. But then somehow Hunter found out, so he came to visit. And that's why he's here.† She finished and stretched her shoulders, lookingdown the tree-ramp speculatively. P.J. sat quietly, glancing from Jeanne to Maggie. Cady justbreathed. Maggie chewed her lip, not satisfied yet. â€Å"He'shere just to visit? That's all?† â€Å"I'm a slave. You think I asked him personally?†Ã¢â‚¬ I think you know.† Jeanne stared at her a moment, then glanced atP.J. Her look was almost sullen, but Maggieunderstood. â€Å"Jeanne, she's been through hell already. Whatever it is, she can take it. Right, kiddo?† P.J. twisted her plaid cap in a complete circleand settled it more firmly on her head. â€Å"Right,† shesaid flatly. â€Å"So tell us,† Maggie said. â€Å"What's Hunter Redferndoing here?†

Tell Tale Heart Study Packet

â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† by Edgar Allan Poe Activity Packet [pic] [pic] Name ____________________________________________ L. A. Period ________ Your score ___________out of 30 points possible ( Covers plot elements, comprehension, figurative language, mood, character traits, , and setting ) Pre-Reading Guide for â€Å"Tell-Tale Heart† Name _________________________________________ Period ___________ (5 pts. ) Describe five things that you usually find in a scary/horror story: 1. ______________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________ . _______________________________________________________________ 4. _______________________________________________________________ 5. ________________________________________________________________ Read the following statements. If you agree with them, put a check in the YOU column. Then, AFTER we read the story, go back and put a check in the AUTHOR column if you feel the author agrees with that statement. YOUAUTHORSTATEMENT ____________1. People who are insane know that they are insane. ____________2. Sane people sometimes imagine that they hear things. ___________3. If you commit a crime, the worst punishment is the guilt afterward. ____________4. Often it’s the small annoying things about people that can be the most irritating and infuriating. ____________5. All people are basically afraid of the same things. ____________6. When you’ve done something wrong, wondering if you’ll be caught can cause great stress and anxiety. â€Å"Tell-Tale Heart†comprehension QuestionsName__________________ (20 pts. ) After reading â€Å"Tell-Tale Heart† by Poe, answer the following questions using short answers.They do not need to be complete sentences, but answer each part of the question thoroughly. 1. Who is telling this story (narrating)? Is it first, second, or third person? 2. What is your first impression of the n arrator? What does he try convincing the reader of? 3. How does the narrator feel about the old man in general? What, then, specifically, is it about the old man that troubles/bothers the narrator? Why? How often does the narrator mention this â€Å"thing† in the story? 4. What does the narrator tell us he does every night? Why? 5. How does the narrator feel immediately after he commits the murder?Do his feelings change? If so, how and why? â€Å"Tell-Tale Heart† Comprehension Questions continued†¦Name__________________ 6. What sound drives the narrator to confess to the crime? What do you think causes his paranoia? 7. Give two direct and specific examples from the story that the author uses to create an atmosphere of horror or suspense. These are sentences that set or enhance the MOOD of the story. Give the page number. 8. Give one example where the author uses punctuation or repeated words or phrases in a sentence to show the mood of horror or suspense. . Find o ne example of each of the following: a. Alliteration – Pg. ___ ___________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ b. Simile – Pg. ________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 10. c. Personification – Pg. _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

Ending the War Against Japan Essay

In the article, Ending The War Against Japan: Science, Morality And The Atomic Bomb, the author provides information on the war in the Pacific which involved the United States and Japan. After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor the United States entered the second World War in 1941. United States gained control of Okinawa in 1945 which meant that the U.S had control, in the months of May through August there were major air attacks on Japan, the Manhattan Project and the two atomic bombs the United States dropped in Hiroshima and Nagasaki were part of the choice out of the many options that might have been given to President Truman and Secretary of War, Henry Stimson. They felt that dropping the atomic bomb was the best way to get the Japanese to give an unconditional surrender. The three options that the author gives in this article are based on three different outcomes that could have changed the way the Pacific War ended. The first option would allow President Truman to end the war peacefully, and it would have also allowed the Japanese to withdraw from the war without shame to their leader and save the thousands of Japanese individuals by not making the United States have to make the choice of dropping the atomic bombs. This option would have let Truman show that â€Å"We as Americans have not sunk to the level of our enemies† â€Å"We should end the war now in a manner that reflects the value we place on the sanctity of human life and the dignity of the individual†. The author gives Truman a second option and this option approaches the war in the Pacific with a demonstration of the atomic bomb in efforts to force the Japanese to surrender without condition. This includes the uprising of the Manhattan Project which gave the United States the â€Å"weapon of almost inconceivable power† with the scare tactics of the demonstration this gives the Japanese leaders an idea of what would come if they continued on resisting a withdraw. The American people felt as though they have put everything on the line to defeat the Japanese and would like nothing less than to see them surrender unconditionally and as long as we are taking responsible authority on our terms of the Japanese surrender we can end the war and increase strength and peace. The third and final option that Truman could have chosen would be to go fourth with the complete plan without the demonstration of the atomic bombs in the deserted Pacific a demonstration provided little purpose.† The Japanese have fought a merciless war of aggression. They neither expect nor deserve mercy†. We were in need of a quick victory and the only way to make japan admit failure and surrender was with strong military force. It was too late for any negotiations with the Japanese emperor, this plan gave President Truman the chance to save more American lives many of the other choices might have resulted in more American deaths. With the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor and the torture of allies this option to drop as many bombs as needed without warning might have been the only way to send an effective message to the emperors of Japan. After reading the options that the author gives about the different outcomes Truman could have made and If I were Truman and I was making the decision I would have chosen option number two, Because I feel as though the atomic bomb being used for a scare tactic is a great way to show our power but also show our respect for the Japanese. The demonstration of the bombs would allow us to strengthen our roles in America and prevent the unmoral killing of Americans and Japanese.

Language Intervention Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Language Intervention - Research Paper Example An analysis of past historical literature and texts gives clear answers to the gender differences in language use. Some may tend to argue that relying on previous researches of other researchers may tend to lead to prejudice and preconception hence inaccurate information. Such claims are just unfounded comments of lay people. The subordinate role women play in the society started many years ago. From the history, literacy among women in the nineteenth century was only among the middle class and above. Women were limited to only being able to write and read, and they were denied opportunities to get a higher education. There were those who believed women’s importance of acquiring education in the society and tried to champion for women’s rights. Individuals have different ways of speech which are determined by their age, ethnic group, social class, and gender. Regardless of the gender, man or woman it’s prudent to assert that the person adjusts him or herself so as to ‘blend in’. That is; our speech is influenced by many factors. It is the belief to some that the noted differences in languages have no relation to the sex of the speaker.It is due to the lack of an agreeable analysis method of language use. However, others are entirely convinced of differences that exist between the speech of men and women. A lot of researchers tend to associate women with words revolving around topics of psychological and social processes while men to impersonal topics and object properties. That is.

Guerrilla marketing and advertising Dissertation

Guerrilla marketing and advertising - Dissertation Example erception of GM 4.2.3 Impact of GM on Consumers’ Intention to purchase 4.3.4 Impact of GM on Consumers’ Purchase Behaviour 4.3 Findings from the Interview of the Advertising Experts 4.3.1 Reasons for Using GM strategies 4.3.2 Some Examples of Successful GM Strategies 4.3.3 Success of GM for different types of Products 4.3.4 Strategies and Tactics that for Viral Marketing 4.3.5 Challenges of Using GM/VM 4.3.6 Advantages of Using GM/VM 4.3.7 Future Role and Trend for GM Chapter 5: Conclusions and Recommendations 5.1 Summary of Research Findings and Conclusions 5.2 Research Limitations and Scope for Future Research. List of Tables and Figures Table 1: Reasons for Using GM strategies Figure A: Diagrammatic Representation of the Research Methodology Figure 1: Customers’ Awareness of GM Figure 2: Consumers’ Perception of GM as Aggressive Figure 3: Consumers’ Perception of GM as Aggressive Figure 4: Consumers’ Perception of GM as Creating Insights a bout Their Needs Figure 5: Consumers’ Perception of GM as Creating Awareness about New Products Figure 6: GM as Creating Awareness of Non-Advertised Products Figure 7: GM as creating more choices for customers Figure 8: Impact of GM on Consumers’ Intention to purchase Figure 9: Impact of GM on Consumers’ Purchase Behaviour List of Appendices Appendix A: Survey Research Questionnaire Appendix B: Interview Research Questionnaire References Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Research Background and Overview While a large amount of literature exists on the various advantages of Guerrilla marketing and also on the strategies and tactics related to this type of marketing, there has been little research on gauging the impact it has. Organizations indulge in viral marketing strategies with the objective of creating awareness for... This essay "Guerrilla marketing and advertising" outlines and analyzes the effect of the GM and its perception by the customers and the problems and opportunities that advertisers have with GM strategies. Guerilla marketing It is non-conventional as it does not confine itself to the regular media or channels of advertising and it uses content strategies that may be more creative or even bizarre. Guerrilla marketing, as it name indicates, largely draws parallels from the Guerrilla warfare strategies. In the case of Guerrilla warfare, the means of war are not straightforward and people do not fight by rules of conventional warfare. The element of surprise is used heavily to conduct short but highly forceful attacks on the opponents. In the same way, Guerrilla marketing follows the concept of surprise and taking the customer unguarded, and projecting the advertised content or message in a targeted manner when the customer least expects it or is least prepared to steal himself or herself against the impact (Tufel, 2004). The logic behind using the surprise element is that most customers being exposed to innumerous advertising messages throughout their day – through TV, the Internet, billboards, newspapers, pamphlets, in shop point of purchase displays etc. – are mostly able to immune themselves against these messages (Susca et al, 2008). There is too much clutter of advertising messages and customers can tune themselves out of the picture when plagued by a huge amount of information that impinges on their senses.

Nursing and Leadership Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nursing and Leadership - Assignment Example Despite that, there are a few challenges which are faced in the department. The interviewed Director of Nursing (DON) stated that the lack of LTC taught courses/classes to new graduate students is one of the challenges that they do face and that has to be resolved with immediate effect. This is due to the fact that the ratio of individuals at the centre who need LTC is higher than the staffs that are available to offer it. As a result, some inconveniences and hitches do occur while propagating for effective LTC. In a bid to counter the LTC problem, the leadership that is prevalent in the nursing department matters a lot. If the leadership is based on morale and productivity, then that will yield success in offering LTC to patients else more challenges are prone to be faced on a daily basis. With that, there are a number of leadership styles that can be practiced in the nursing department. However, these depend entirely on variables such as people and the environment. Some of the lead ership styles include: Democratic: This is one of the best leadership styles that a nursing department can incorporate. It advocates for the inclusion of the nurses in the decision making process. This makes them feel motivated as well as part and parcel of the health care facility committee. However, the senior nurse makes the final decisions; Authoritative: This style of leadership is stricter as compared to the democratic leadership style. The senior nurse makes all the decisions without the inclusion of the other nurses. Additionally, the senior nurse gives orders to be done and there is very close supervision of the nurses in the department. This is not the best approach to implement in a nursing environment. The nurses may feel de-motivated, neglected and they may lack innovation in their line of work; Affiliative: This leadership style is focussed on people (nurses). It ensures that the nurses have a satisfactory working environment so that they can deliver superior care serv ices to patients. This style is best to boost morale in the nurses. However, the senior nurse may lack their authoritative figure. Based on the response of the DON, the most effective and efficient leadership styles that ought to be incorporated are the democratic and affiliative leadership styles. In a bid to support this, Goleman (2000) suggested that leaders should incorporate a variety of leadership styles and focus on those that are fruitful. Some of the leadership skills that go hand in hand with good leadership styles include: Interpersonal skills - Which incorporate the aspects of managing the different and unique cultural diversities in the department. It is important for a leader to have the right knowledge while dealing with different cultures since a health care centre is a home to all types of people regardless of their ethnicity background; Democratic skills; Listening skills, Problem solving skills – Which help to solve problems without encountering big risks, Time management skills and Motivational skills. If a leader has a number of the mentioned skills,