Tips for Answering Columbia University Supplemental Essay Prompts [2019 - 2020]

Ivy League schools require supplemental essay responses in addition to the basic Common Application or Coalition Application essay. These elite schools try to gain a deeper understanding of the applicant through these supplemental responses. Think of them as your opportunity to explain how the school is a good match for you and vise versa. Your goal is to convey what is important to you and how the school fits into your future goals. As you prepare to respond to the supplemental questions, consider the overall character and focus of the school in relationship to your personal objectives. Begin with a visit to the school website, read about their educational mission, and think about how the school supports your interests. Columbia takes pride in the synergy created between its diverse residential student population and its location in the heart of bustling New York City. It also embraces a rich educational tradition in its interdepartmental Core Curriculum that encourages creative critical thinking by encompassing writing, science, philosophy, literature, art, music, and history. Make sure to keep all of this in mind as you think about why Columbia might be the best educational experience for you. Get a free consultation: Click here to schedule a call to find out how our admissions experts can help YOU get accepted to Columbia! The Columbia supplemental questions below ask you to reflect on your academic, extracurricular and intellectual interests: Columbia college supplemental essay prompts Columbia supplemental essay Please tell us what you value most about Columbia and why. (300 words or less) This is a very important question. As you identify and communicate what you value most about the educational experience at Columbia, you are also telling the admissions committee something about what you value on a personal level. You need to demonstrate you did your research and convince the admissions committee that Columbia is the best school to help you meet your goals. Why is Columbia your ideal college community? If you didn’t mention it earlier, is the vibrant relationship between the university and the city significant to you? You also have to show them how you can enrich the dynamic educational environment at Columbia. Convey your enthusiasm! Discuss what excites you most about the Columbia experience. They want to know what kind of student you might be at Columbia. hbspt.cta.load(58291, 'b11ab1f4-ea16-477a-b602-88f511f102cc', {}); Columbia additional essay responses (required of certain applicants) Columbia University requires additional essay responses for students applying to Columbia College and The Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science: If you are applying to Columbia College, tell us what from your current and past experiences (either academic or personal) attracts you specifically to the field or fields of study that you noted in the Member Questions section. If you are currently undecided, please write about any field or fields in which you may have an interest at this time. (300 words or less) If you are applying to The Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, please tell us what from your current and past experiences (either academic or personal) attracts you specifically to the field or fields of study that you noted in the Member Questions section. (300 words or less) Both of these prompts ask you to consider the interests and experiences that helped you determine your specific educational path. If you are truly undecided, focus on the areas you are currently interested in, what excites you about those topics, and your hopes for the future. These prompts ask you to think broadly about your life experience as well as provide specific examples of how these experiences affected your interests and propelled you toward a particular area of study. Your discussion should reveal your passion for the subject. Remember to include why the program at Columbia is the best place to help you achieve your goals. What are the essential aspects of the program that are most unique and attractive to you? Columbia list responses In addition to essay responses, Columbia requests a number of lists. As you select required readings, books, and other forms of media, think about the breadth and depth of your interests. Consider how your selections represent your identity, reflect your intellect and curiosity, relate to Columbia’s Core Curriculum requirements, and make you a good match for the overall educational experience at Columbia. Each of your responses should represent something meaningful to you. Below are the questions that ask you to provide lists. You can organize your responses in any order (with or without numbers) and including author names is optional. It is not necessary to italicize or underline books and other publications. List the titles of the required readings from courses during the school year or summer that you enjoyed most in the past year. (150-words or less) This is an opportunity to showcase a particular area of interest to you. It also reflects the content level at which you engaged a given subject. Consider classes, which you discovered something new and exciting, allowed you to explore a previous area of interest in more depth, or covered a topic that helped you see the world in a different way. List the titles of the books you read for pleasure that you enjoyed most in the past year. (150-words or less) The admissions committee wants to know the kinds of topics you find interesting. What better way than to share your favorite recent books? They are trying to gain a deeper sense of who you are and how you might fit in at Columbia. This list sheds some light on how you spend your spare time and what you might find engaging. List the titles of the print, electronic publications and websites you read regularly. (150-words or less) The sources of information and media you engage with routinely provide insights into how you perceive the world. This list to some degree demonstrates what topics are important to you. It also indicates the modes of information exchange you find most comfortable and denotes the media sources that influence your perspective. List the titles of the films, concerts, shows, exhibits, lectures and other entertainments you enjoyed most in the past year. (150-words or less) This list allows you to tell the admissions committee the sorts of activities you do for fun! What do you find amusing or intriguing? Your responses suggest the kinds of activities that may appeal to you at Columbia and provide insight about how you engage the world around you. Final thoughts on applying to Columbia The admissions website clearly states Columbia’s commitment to a holistic approach to the admission process: â€Å"every single application is given a thorough review, and there is positively no minimum grade point average, class rank, or SAT/ACT score one must obtain in order to secure admission to Columbia.† That said, Columbia has a highly competitive applicant pool. The combined Columbia College and Columbia Engineering programs received 42,569 undergraduate applications for the fall of 2019. Only 2,274 or 5.3% were offered admission and over 95% of students admitted were in the top 10% of their high school class with an average SAT score of 1520 (combined evidenced-based reading and writing and math) and an average ACT score of 34. As you can see, your essays make you more than a number. It may seem counter intuitive however, in this environment it is essential to remain calm and focused. Be sure to allow yourself appropriate time to reflect on your educational goals and to convey your best self to the admissions committee through your essay responses. Keep in mind, while adhering to the designated word limits and deadlines, your goal is to distinguish yourself from your peers by sharing your personal examples, anecdotes, and perspectives. In short, by providing sincere insight into what makes you, you! And why you are a good match for Columbia! If you’re applying to Columbia College, you already know you’re up against tight competition. Don’t be overwhelmed. Get the guidance of an experienced admissions specialist who will help you stand out from the highly competitive applicant pool so you can apply with confidence, and get accepted! Click here to get started! hbspt.cta.load(58291, 'd81c5687-dd01-4648-93b4-33d2ae163735', {}); Marie Todd has been involved in college admissions for over twenty years. Marie has both counseled applicants to top colleges and evaluated 5000+ applications for the University of Michigan's College of Literature, Science and the Arts; College of Engineering; School of Kinesiology; School of Nursing; and Taubman College of Architecture.  Want Marie to help you get accepted?  Click here to get in touch with Marie Todd. Related Resources: †¢Ã‚  5 Fatal Flaws to Avoid in Your College Personal Statement, a free guide †¢Ã‚  Focus on Fit, a podcast episode †¢Ã‚  School-Specific Supplemental Application Essay Tips Tips for Answering Columbia University Supplemental Essay Prompts [2019 - 2020] Ivy League schools require supplemental essay responses in addition to the basic Common Application or Coalition Application essay. These elite schools try to gain a deeper understanding of the applicant through these supplemental responses. Think of them as your opportunity to explain how the school is a good match for you and vise versa. Your goal is to convey what is important to you and how the school fits into your future goals. As you prepare to respond to the supplemental questions, consider the overall character and focus of the school in relationship to your personal objectives. Begin with a visit to the school website, read about their educational mission, and think about how the school supports your interests. Columbia takes pride in the synergy created between its diverse residential student population and its location in the heart of bustling New York City. It also embraces a rich educational tradition in its interdepartmental Core Curriculum that encourages creative critical thinking by encompassing writing, science, philosophy, literature, art, music, and history. Make sure to keep all of this in mind as you think about why Columbia might be the best educational experience for you. Get a free consultation: Click here to schedule a call to find out how our admissions experts can help YOU get accepted to Columbia! The Columbia supplemental questions below ask you to reflect on your academic, extracurricular and intellectual interests: Columbia college supplemental essay prompts Columbia supplemental essay Please tell us what you value most about Columbia and why. (300 words or less) This is a very important question. As you identify and communicate what you value most about the educational experience at Columbia, you are also telling the admissions committee something about what you value on a personal level. You need to demonstrate you did your research and convince the admissions committee that Columbia is the best school to help you meet your goals. Why is Columbia your ideal college community? If you didn’t mention it earlier, is the vibrant relationship between the university and the city significant to you? You also have to show them how you can enrich the dynamic educational environment at Columbia. Convey your enthusiasm! Discuss what excites you most about the Columbia experience. They want to know what kind of student you might be at Columbia. hbspt.cta.load(58291, 'b11ab1f4-ea16-477a-b602-88f511f102cc', {}); Columbia additional essay responses (required of certain applicants) Columbia University requires additional essay responses for students applying to Columbia College and The Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science: If you are applying to Columbia College, tell us what from your current and past experiences (either academic or personal) attracts you specifically to the field or fields of study that you noted in the Member Questions section. If you are currently undecided, please write about any field or fields in which you may have an interest at this time. (300 words or less) If you are applying to The Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, please tell us what from your current and past experiences (either academic or personal) attracts you specifically to the field or fields of study that you noted in the Member Questions section. (300 words or less) Both of these prompts ask you to consider the interests and experiences that helped you determine your specific educational path. If you are truly undecided, focus on the areas you are currently interested in, what excites you about those topics, and your hopes for the future. These prompts ask you to think broadly about your life experience as well as provide specific examples of how these experiences affected your interests and propelled you toward a particular area of study. Your discussion should reveal your passion for the subject. Remember to include why the program at Columbia is the best place to help you achieve your goals. What are the essential aspects of the program that are most unique and attractive to you? Columbia list responses In addition to essay responses, Columbia requests a number of lists. As you select required readings, books, and other forms of media, think about the breadth and depth of your interests. Consider how your selections represent your identity, reflect your intellect and curiosity, relate to Columbia’s Core Curriculum requirements, and make you a good match for the overall educational experience at Columbia. Each of your responses should represent something meaningful to you. Below are the questions that ask you to provide lists. You can organize your responses in any order (with or without numbers) and including author names is optional. It is not necessary to italicize or underline books and other publications. List the titles of the required readings from courses during the school year or summer that you enjoyed most in the past year. (150-words or less) This is an opportunity to showcase a particular area of interest to you. It also reflects the content level at which you engaged a given subject. Consider classes, which you discovered something new and exciting, allowed you to explore a previous area of interest in more depth, or covered a topic that helped you see the world in a different way. List the titles of the books you read for pleasure that you enjoyed most in the past year. (150-words or less) The admissions committee wants to know the kinds of topics you find interesting. What better way than to share your favorite recent books? They are trying to gain a deeper sense of who you are and how you might fit in at Columbia. This list sheds some light on how you spend your spare time and what you might find engaging. List the titles of the print, electronic publications and websites you read regularly. (150-words or less) The sources of information and media you engage with routinely provide insights into how you perceive the world. This list to some degree demonstrates what topics are important to you. It also indicates the modes of information exchange you find most comfortable and denotes the media sources that influence your perspective. List the titles of the films, concerts, shows, exhibits, lectures and other entertainments you enjoyed most in the past year. (150-words or less) This list allows you to tell the admissions committee the sorts of activities you do for fun! What do you find amusing or intriguing? Your responses suggest the kinds of activities that may appeal to you at Columbia and provide insight about how you engage the world around you. Final thoughts on applying to Columbia The admissions website clearly states Columbia’s commitment to a holistic approach to the admission process: â€Å"every single application is given a thorough review, and there is positively no minimum grade point average, class rank, or SAT/ACT score one must obtain in order to secure admission to Columbia.† That said, Columbia has a highly competitive applicant pool. The combined Columbia College and Columbia Engineering programs received 42,569 undergraduate applications for the fall of 2019. Only 2,274 or 5.3% were offered admission and over 95% of students admitted were in the top 10% of their high school class with an average SAT score of 1520 (combined evidenced-based reading and writing and math) and an average ACT score of 34. As you can see, your essays make you more than a number. It may seem counter intuitive however, in this environment it is essential to remain calm and focused. Be sure to allow yourself appropriate time to reflect on your educational goals and to convey your best self to the admissions committee through your essay responses. Keep in mind, while adhering to the designated word limits and deadlines, your goal is to distinguish yourself from your peers by sharing your personal examples, anecdotes, and perspectives. In short, by providing sincere insight into what makes you, you! And why you are a good match for Columbia! If you’re applying to Columbia College, you already know you’re up against tight competition. Don’t be overwhelmed. Get the guidance of an experienced admissions specialist who will help you stand out from the highly competitive applicant pool so you can apply with confidence, and get accepted! Click here to get started! hbspt.cta.load(58291, 'd81c5687-dd01-4648-93b4-33d2ae163735', {}); Marie Todd has been involved in college admissions for over twenty years. Marie has both counseled applicants to top colleges and evaluated 5000+ applications for the University of Michigan's College of Literature, Science and the Arts; College of Engineering; School of Kinesiology; School of Nursing; and Taubman College of Architecture.  Want Marie to help you get accepted?  Click here to get in touch with Marie Todd. Related Resources: †¢Ã‚  5 Fatal Flaws to Avoid in Your College Personal Statement, a free guide †¢Ã‚  Focus on Fit, a podcast episode †¢Ã‚  School-Specific Supplemental Application Essay Tips

The Effects Of Sleep Loss And Short Term Recognition Memory

Introduction Allen. J, Elkin and D.J. Murray prove in â€Å"The Effects of Sleep Loss and Short-term Recognition Memory† that sleep deprived individuals become less aware or conscious of the material presented to them. This evaluation will show that though the author makes some good use of statistical findings, he doesn t cover all aspects in this article. Summary Allen. J, Elkin and D.J. Murray systematically lists the studies and opinions of others who agree with them and does not discuss opposing positions . In content first Allen. J, Elkin and D.J. Murray discuss that there has been many articles about sleep loss and how it effects vigilance (Deaton, Tobias, Wilkinson, 1971), speed of addition (Williams Lubin, 1967), and reaction time (Wilkinson, 1963) but there are hardly any articles about how sleep loss an effect memory. They follow that with their method, they had altogether 40 subjects 19 male and 21 females all who volunteered. 20 subjects were deprived of sleep for up to 55 hours and were compared with 20 subjects who had normal sleep over this period. The experiment took place in a room of the Department of Psychology. Everything was arranged for them. The experimental group they had a total of 55 hours of sleep deprivation. The digit probe technique (Waugh Norman, 1965) was used to assess retention. The recognition was either i mmediate or delayed by 20 seconds. When it came to the results, it showed that the sleep deprived group had made more errors thanShow MoreRelatedMemory Process1116 Words   |  5 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This paper will analyze the results of the memory test. As a part of the analysis, the paper is addressing the following: working memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory, the paper will also describe the selected test and the results. The paper will also explain the role of encoding and retrieval in the memory process and it relates to the selected test and results. In this paper, I will evaluate variables associated with encoding information and ease of retrieval as they relateRead MoreRegulatory Behavior Paper1392 Words   |  6 Pagesin the field of medicine to this day do not have a â€Å"complete picture† of each of the working details of the human nervous system. Of these different mechanisms, perhaps the one most riddled with speculation, is the mechanism of sleep. In discussing regulatory process, sleep is perhaps one of the most essential to the healthy upkeep of the human nervous system. This process is such a necessary behavior that without it, the nervous system, and the overall health of the individual in question can becomeRead MoreHow Memory Is Important For Our Lives1236 Words   |  5 Pages We can start by definition Memory. Memory is our ability to encode, store, retain and subsequently recall information in the human brain. It can be thought of in general terms, as the use of past experience to affect or influence current behavior (Human). Our memory helps us remember past experiences, previous learned facts, habits and skills. Etymologically it comes from the latin memoria, meaning remembering. Memory is comparable to but distinct from learning which is the process by which weRead MoreSleep Deprivation Effects On Psyche Essay1846 Words   |  8 Pages Sleep Deprivations Effects on Psyche Lukas Maxwell Psychology 101 Mr. Meier October 19th 2016 Abstract Sleep deprivation has a profound impact on all aspects of a person’s life including mental health and brain function. This paper delves into the effect of sleep on a multitude of diseases along with common problems such as memory loss. It shines a light on the damage done to brain chemicals due to a lack of sleep and its effects on depression along with why sleep deprivation isRead MoreWhy People Should Nap During The School Of Montgomery College Essay1665 Words   |  7 Pagesstruggling to stay awake from the lack of sleep. Along with this many students nap during the day to make up for the loss of sleep. Many studies have found that napping can actually improve moods, health, and academic performance. This is shown in different studies from surveys, to testing different reactions and moods. All the way to actually providing students with a place to nap. Napping can increase academic performance, mood, and have a positive effect on health. All of these being reasons whyRead MoreTraumatic Effects Of Traumatic Brain Injury1278 Words   |  6 Pagescauses of death and long-term disability in children (Kraus, 1995). It is an acquired brain injury that occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain (NIH,2016). The symptoms for Traumatic Brain Injury include frequent headaches, lightheadedness and dizziness. An individual may experience having blurred vision tired eyes, and fatigue. Even stressors prior to having an injury can contribute to the result of post injury. A person will experience a change in their sleep patterns, behavioral orRead MoreThe Effects Of Sleep Deprivation Among College Students3363 Words   |  14 Pages The Effects of Sleep Deprivation among College Students: A Psychological and Sociological Approach Integrative Project: Final Submission Synthia Paramathypathy Marianopolis College Sleep plays a major role in people s lives. Evidence has shown that enough sleep promotes good health and well-being (Ojikutu, R. 2010). It plays a key role in maintaining a healthy brain function,in helping to establish emotional well-being, and in improving overall health since it repairs the heart and bloodRead MoreThe Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On Academic Performance3327 Words   |  14 PagesAbstract The main objective of this study was to determine the psychological effects of sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation is a lack of sleep that can cause a negative effect on cognitive function and can lead to deterioration in physical health. Research and literature reviews reveal sleep deprivation can be caused by shift work, travel, stress, and sleep disorders; such as sleep apnea. Results have found sleep deprivation can cause lack of attention, inability to concentrate, auditoryRead MoreDementia Awareness1790 Words   |  8 PagesDementia Awareness 1.1 Explain what is meant by the term ‘dementia’. The term dementia is used to describe an illness that affects the memory. Patients can suffer from forgetfulness, loss of memory and the inability to remember new information. As well as being unable to speak and be understood by others and be unable to carry out general tasks. Patients can also suffer from mood changes and all reasoning. This all has an effect on daily routines and people become unable to look after themselvesRead MoreAp Psychology Review Packet12425 Words   |  50 Pageslearning and memory. 4.Achievement Motivation:  desire for accomplishment. 5.Achievement Test:  an exam designed to test what a person has earned. 6.Acoustic Encoding:  encoding of sound, especially words. 7.Acquisition:  the initial stage when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus. 8.Action Potential:  a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon. 9.Activation Synthesis:  theory that REM sleep triggers neural firing that evokes random images, which our sleep brain

Bullied to Death in School Essay - 625 Words

Fat. Gay. Or just different from the crowd. These are the reasons children are being bullied -- sometimes to death -- in Americas schools, with at least 14 students committing suicide in the past year alone. --- Bullied to Death in Americas Schools - ABC News - Oct 15, 2010 Approximately twelve, 8-10 year old children commit suicide every year because they are victims of bullying. Whereas 1.3 million children a year bully others. What is bullying? As defined in the Merriam-Webster dictionary, a bully is one who hurts or intimidates others. This assault may occur in two principle forms, verbal or physical. There are specific reasons why bullying happens and specific solutions that could help save as many as 12 lives a†¦show more content†¦Many people wonder, why does bullying occur? In Some of the cases of bullying, the bully hurts people because it makes them feel powerful and in charge. Bullies may see it as being popular. In some cases a bully has often been bullied by someone else in their life and is trying to seek attention by hurting others. Some bullies do not even realize how wrong their behavior is and how severely damaging it can be. For example: A young student walked into class and shot himself in front of his bully and class m ates because he was tired of being called fat and a walking dictionary. Is there anything people could have done to prevent this young boy from killing himself? Many victims of bullying think that they are the problem, but really the bully is the problem. People who are being picked on or bullied, have to tell someone in order to eliminate the problem. Most people think if they tell a teacher the situation will get worse but really if they get authorities involved from the start something can be done before the effects of bullying permanently scar todays youth, for instance some children have to seek physiological help after being tormented at a young age. In a recent survey it was found that teachers top choice to eliminate bullying in schools would be tougher discipline (41.4%), better supervision, (33.7%) and more counseling (17.4%). If children think that telling on aShow MoreRelatedEssay about Bullying: A Major Problem in Today’s Schools563 Words   |  3 Pagesproblem in today’s schools Bullying is a major problem in today’s society, especially among teens. With teens spending most of their time at school this environment must be as safe as possible. Schools need to be more proactive in addressing the issue of bullying because many students are bullied in many different ways, the effects can be deadly, and students deserve a safe place to learn. At schools kids are getting bullied in many different ways. For example, students get bullied online and in personRead MoreBullying And Its Effects On American Schools1209 Words   |  5 PagesBullying in American schools has become an underrated topic to converse about. 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Many of these students who experience bullying feel that they have no one to talk to, or that they have noRead MoreBullying Persuasive Essay730 Words   |  3 Pageshappens in almost every single school and it can have many different reasons and ways. Bullying can happen online or at schools. It is becoming a big problem because it is worldwide and it is not good for kids to get bullied. Kids can become depressed when they are being bullied. Also they can have mental health problems later on. It already has a lot of attention but it needs more so it can be stopped. Bullying needs a lot more attention because too many kid s are being bullied, it can cause kids to haveRead MoreEssay about Bullying and Bullycide1685 Words   |  7 Pagesbullying appears to be escalating with no signs of stopping. The victims of bullies are often the targets for various reasons such as being too fat, too skinny, too quiet or in most cases being homosexual. 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Statistics also show that seventeen percent of studentsRead MoreEssay on A Speech on Bullying1047 Words   |  5 Pageseveryone bullies, no matter what you think or have done, you’ve most likely bullied someone. There are many issues in the news that involve bullying and bad things that happen, aswell as people being affected from people bullying them. Bullying is happening everywhere and the chances that you will encounter it are high. Around the world bullying is big particularly within schools and online in cyber space. With all schools talking about bullying and the media regularly reporting on latest research

Causes and Solutions to the Problem of Child Labor

Every year on 12 June, people around the world celebrate the World Day against Child Labour, a day dedicated to the goal of creating a world in which children everywhere can grow up without the threat of being forced into child labor. An estimated 246 million children are engaged in child labor, with nearly 70 percent of them (about 171 million) working in hazardous conditions, including work in mines and quarries, work with chemicals and pesticides or with dangerous machinery. â€Å"Children as young as five are forced to spend long hours doing back-breaking labor, often in harsh weather and without access to health care,† UNICEF Executive Director Ann M. Veneman said. â€Å"Children mining rock, gold, coal, diamonds and precious metals in Africa,†¦show more content†¦EDUCATION Children need to learn how to read and write. They need social and professional skills that only school and a nurturing environment can provide. Some countries have compulsory schooling and some provide free public schooling. However, in many countries, particularly for those where structural adjustment lending has led to the privatization of schools-the cost of teaching, books, and uniforms makes it impossible for children to get an education. Furthermore, for education to become a solution to child labor, schools must be located close to where these children live. Education must be free and compulsory up until the minimum legal age for employment. LABOR LAWS Most countries have laws against child labour; however, some governments support child labor (regardless of existing laws) as a way of gaining a competitive advantage in the economic market. Preventing children from working is not necessarily the best solution; children may end up in worse situations and their families may become even poorer. Some NGOs fight to protect working children by providing them with information on their rights or by guaranteeing them safer working conditions. Other NGOs help children in the transition from work to school by building centers where they are provided with healthcare and a tailored education. The children leave these centers only when they have learnt to be independent. CHILD TRAFFICKINGShow MoreRelatedFlorence Kelleys Speech On Child Labor Summary807 Words   |  4 PagesSo on July 22, 1905, she delivered a speech to the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA), analyzing, and explaining the problems with children in the workplace. She uses the rhetorical strategy, cause and effect, to exemplify the pros and cons of child labor at the time. Kelley later explains how her thoughts can reflect on the future of child labor in the United States. Kelley’s opening statement announces the fact that two million children under sixteen were working at the time.Read MoreChild Labor As A Cultural Norm1604 Words   |  7 Pagesapproximately 215 million children under the age of 15 that are working in the child labor industry around the world. What can be done to resolve this global issue? Child labor is when companies use children to perform manufacturing duties— typically being paid in low wages. There are many different reasons and causes of child labor such as: poverty, globalization, and corruption. In some countries, however, child labor is considered a cultural norm. Although most prevalent in third-world and underdevelopedRead MoreThe Effects Of Cheap Labor Bad Jobs At Bad Wages1113 Words   |  5 Pagesmillion child laborers in the world. More than half of them, 85 million, employed at hazardous jobs, according to the International Labour Organization. In the article â€Å"In Praise of Cheap Labor Bad jobs a t bad wages are better than no jobs at all†, Paul Krugman Professor of economics at MIT, explains that child labor cannot just be wiped away like so many other distasteful practices. That it takes a perfect storm of economic success and low child labor numbers for a full transition to labor laws thatRead MoreChild Labour And Child Labor1600 Words   |  7 PagesChild Labor Issues There are children that suffer through child labor daily. Child labor is the use of children in a business or industry, usually illegal. â€Å"3 billion people around the world survive on $2.50 a day or less. And 2 billion people do not hold a bank account or have access to essential financial services† (â€Å"Living in Poverty†1). Children that are normally in labor come from a poor family that’s in need of money so badly that it comes down to selling their own children or puttingRead MoreCan Child Labor Be Stopped?1588 Words   |  7 PagesCan Child Labor be Stopped? There are approximately 215 million children under the age of 15 that are working in the child labor industry around the world. What can be done to resolve this global issue? Child labor is when companies use children to perform manufacturing duties— typically being paid in low wages. There are many different reasons and causes of child labor such as: poverty, globalization, and corruption. In some countries, however, child labor is considered a cultural norm. AlthoughRead MoreExploration of Child Labor1677 Words   |  7 PagesChild Labor, a Global Problem with Local Causes Christopher King, Debra Hang - Aguayo, India Williams University of Phoenix It is hard to imagine that in 2009 that child labor still exists. 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Where child labor is deeply rooted from tradition, the causes of child labor are difficult and complex beliefs andRead MoreIKEA Case Study1430 Wor ds   |  6 Pageslow-priced restaurant and grocery shop have made IKEA Sweden s leading food exporter. However, global expansion was not without problems for IKEA. During the 1980 s environmental problems arose with some of IKEAs products and during the 1990 s IKEA was accused that its suppliers were using child labor. In the 1980 s the formaldehyde regulations passed in Denmark caused problems to IKEA. After the discovery that some of its products emitted more formaldehyde than the legislation allowed the companyRead MoreEssay on The Affect of Child Labor on the World1237 Words   |  5 PagesThe Affect of Child Labor on the World Introduction Child labor is a very hot topic in today’s world. The problems associated with child labor have always been a part of life but thanks to Globalization, everyone is now more aware of the child labor issues that exist. Whether an individual is in favor or against child labor the fact is that child labor affects everyone, because child labor affects the global economy. Children who work play a big role in the economy because they produce goodsRead MoreChild Labor As A Cultural Norm1251 Words   |  6 PagesDescription of the problem â€Å"Child Labour; the Effect on Child, Causes, and Remedies to the Revolving Menace,† defines child labor as referring to â€Å"children who miss their childhood and are not able to have the basic amenities which a child should have.† There are many different reasons and causes for child labor. For some countries, child labor is considered to be a cultural norm. From the time children are old enough to be taught a skill, they are often trained in that field and put to work in

Wegmans Operations Management - 3309 Words

CONTENTS ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION TO WEGMANS AND OPERATION MANAGEMENT COMPETITIVENESS FORECASTING PRODUCT AND SERVICE DESIGN PROCESS SELECTIONS AND FACILITY LAYOUT MANAGEMENT OF QUALITY/ QUALITY CONTROL AGGREGATE PLANNING AND MASTER SCHEDULING MRP AND ERP INVENTORY MANAGEMENT JIT AND LEAN OPERATIONS SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT CONCLUSION REFERENCES Abstract: Wegmans is a dominate presence in the supermarket industry on the east coast. There are many attributes that Wegmans prides itself on to have earned a place on the Top 75 Supermarkets Based on Sales Volume, Largest Private Companies in the U.S., and Fortune’s 100 Best Companies to Work For lists. The success is due greatly in part to the company’s†¦show more content†¦The list contains some things that are common to many supermarkets, but Wegmans makes sure that these expected attributes are perfected, or cater to the consumer’s needs as best as possible. In addition, Wegmans goes above and beyond the call of duty when compared to the competition, offering many things that make it the ultimate one-stop location for your shopping needs. Forecasting One of the big threats Wegmans has to be aware of within the supermarket industry is something referred to as the â€Å"newsvendor problem†. The newsvendor problem refers to a situation where final demand at the retail level is unknown and any units that are ordered then unsold lose value. This particular problem is associated with most, if not all, industries involving food because demand is often uncertain and food will lose its value once it has expired or gone bad. However, an idea to avoid this problem would be to order less of products in hopes of having fewer inventories left on the shelves to go bad. Unfortunately this route may result in shortages and angered customers. So how is this issue solved? Wegmans decided to address this particular dilemma by implementing a business intelligence ( BI) system that has aided in their forecasting process. (Stevenson) In addition to aiding in the inventoryShow MoreRelatedWegmans, The Middle Atlantic Grocery Chain1189 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Wegmans, the middle Atlantic grocery chain, has demonstrated a great deal of success in just less than 100 years of operating. In those 100 or so years, Wegmans has become one of the most respected and successful grocers in that region, if not the country. The reason for this success is the commitment that Wegmans has put in place. Wegmans follows an extremely detailed plan, that allows for them to have a great grasp on what sort of inventory the stores need to keep on hand. Wegmans also isRead MoreWegmans Food Markets Case Study1080 Words   |  5 PagesConcepts of Operations Management Operations directly translate to the activities involved in the production of goods and services (Reid Sanders, 2013). It is a primary function of every business as without it there would be nothing to trade. Therefore, Operations management is the coordination of various systems involved in the production of goods and services (Stevenson, 2012 p33). It encompasses system design and operating decisions that are directly or indirectly related to the design of aRead MoreA Case Study of Wegmans Food Markets1115 Words   |  5 Pagesend. WEGMANS FOOD MARKETS : a Case Study. Wegmans Food Markets, Inc., is one of the premier grocery chains in the United States. Headquartered in Rochester, NY, Wegmans operates over 70 stores. The company employs over 23,000 people, and has annual sales of over Rs. 2.0 billion. 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Usage of IOT Devices in Cities-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Concept of Internet of things. Answer: Introduction: Smart city generally refers to the urban area, which is associated with collection of electronic data by making use of different sensors or better to say by making use of IoT devices for managing the assets and the resources in an efficient way [1]. This collection of data is generally done from the citizens, assets or from devices, which is then processed and analyzed to monitor various things going on inside the city. However, along with benefits, there also exists certain challenges and this mainly includes several things like the technical challenges, privacy and security challenges and many more. The total process of urbanization is closely related to the development in an economic way. Due to the fact that Internet of things has become a worldwide trend, and also due to the manufacturing of smart products by many companies started to offer smart products which are generally Computerized and is based on Internet connection so It is expected that in the near future, especially with IPv6, the use of IoT by people will increase along with the demand as well. There exists many challenges that is faced by the IoT technology in the smart cities. Some of the major challenges involve the attack by hackers, data ownership risks and single point failure. There always exist a confusion amongst the data owners weather to store data in local servers or on the servers of the trusted vendors. But in both cases there exists a risk of hacking. There is no existing mechanism which is fully protected against hacking. Along with this the security system which is totally based upon a centralized controlled system always faces the risk of failure. The best of avoiding this risk is by hav ing an USP or uninterruptible power supply so s to help the system keep in running state whenever a cut in the power supply is. Another way of protection is by having a miniature server for each house so that it can act as a backup whenever an emergency arises. This report mainly discusses about the usage of IoT devices in cities so as to make the life of people much easier. Along with the advantages there also exists some disadvantages. Different types of electronic sensors are used for the collection of data which helps a lot in easy management of the assets and the resources efficiently. The data is mainly collected from the citizens of the city, various devices and assets. These data is then processed and analysed for the purpose of monitoring and managing traffic along with the transportation systems, power plants, network of water supply, waste management, law enforcement, information systems, schools, libraries, hospitals, and other community services. The convergence of the IoT technology and smart city technology has led to the generation of big data along with development of techniques like artificial intelligence or AI. Problems or Challenges Despite of the cities seeking to become smart cities series of challenges and concerns are raised by the applications used in the smart cities. Some of the problems faced by smart cities are listed below: Overloading of the sensors: All smart cities are based upon the data. And if data is needed then there also exists the need of a sensor [23]. The sensors are capable of measuring the temperature, patterns of the traffic, traffic for foot, quality of the air and integrity of the infrastructure and many more. The number of sensors are increasing day by day so the amount of data are also increasing. This might give rise to a situation when the sensors would be overloaded when sufficient number of sensors are not present. Power: Installing of numerous amount of sensors also requires lots of power. The current energy paradigms is not capable of providing to so many sensors [25]. Smart city can be considered as a sci-fi fantasy without any wireless power. Leakage of privacy and sensing of data: This is another problem in the IoT based smart cities. Smart cities are vulnerable to leakage of privacy due to various reasons, which might include interference from an outsider. Because private information is collected, transmitted and processed, there might exist many areas where the security of the private data might be compromised [26]. The private information might include identity of the user, location of the transportation, health condition, and many more. Therefore, it would be major insight if the disclosure of privacy sensitive information happens. Privacy and the availability of the data storing and processing: Despite of the competitive advantage provided by the powerful cloud servers in order to store data and process the information, there still exists the threats due to various untrusted cloud servers [27]. In cases when the data of the smart cities are in the clear texts while storing and processing the data, then this type of data is directly reveled to the servers of the cloud. Encryption or sending cipher texts to the cloud servers might protect the data from any kind of threats. Despite of the fact that this method is capable of preventing any type of unauthorized cloud servers to get access of the collected data, the processing of the encrypted data can be done in an effective way while performing various types of analytical operations for the smart cities [28]. Another challenge is possessed by the computational overheads regarding the efficiency, and this happens mostly when the volume of data is very large. One of the challenging issue related to securing of the data of the smart cities is faced during the processing and accessing of the controls. Trustworthy and Dependable Control: Smart cities consist of a two way control flow and this flow is generally dependent on the control system and the actuators so as to materialize various operations that are generally determined by the control center [29]. The most attractive targets of the attackers includes the systems responsible for controlling and giving feedback and this mainly includes the public and industrial infrastructure. Some of the major attacks involve the Denial-of-service attacks, spoofing attacks, malicious data injection and many more and this attacks are responsible for biasing, making the output incorrect or disabling of the management, control and operations. The detection of all these type of malicious attacks and misbehaviors is generally done by the third party inspections and auditing [30]. literature review The idea of smart city is considered to be new and can be stated as the successor of the informational city, digital based city and sustainable city. Caraglio et al. (2011) in their literature review conceptualized the idea of smart cities and mainly included the following enabling of the development of the culture as well as the society by enhancement of the efficiency regarding the administration and the economy, putting an underlying emphasis over the business oriented urban development, focusing strongly on the goal of realizing the social inclusions of various types of the urban residents in the public service, putting an emphasis on the sign fact role played by the high-tech as well as the industries for long term growth, having a perspective of paying close attention to the functioning of the social as well as the relational capital for the development of the city, Having a vision of taking the social and environmental sustainability as one of eth important aspect of the smart city [2]. Some other authors have been associated with pointing out the necessary ingredients to form the composition of eth smart cities [3][4][5]. In addition, this mainly includes the smart economy, smart environment, smart mobility, smart people, smart living and many more. It can be stated that the concept of smart city has gone beyond the definition of the digital cities, information cities and intelligent cities. This is mainly due to the reason that smart cities contextualize the technology, which is to be used in order to favor the whole system, and the services provided to the people [5]. Marsal-lllacuna et al. (2015) discussed about the fact that the experiences should be considered during the evaluation of the smart cities [6]. The experience might be about the environment friendly and livable cities, encompassing of the sustainability along with the quality of life. In addition to this, the course of the composition of eth technological factors is also included in the previous experiences. According to Lazaroiu and Roscia the smart city should also be capable of representing the technological community, interconnection, sustainability, comfort, attractiveness and optimized operations of the municipal services [7][8]. The new reality would greatly encourage the increasing of the number of suppliers for the smart cities market. In addition, this would be done by making use of the technology in order to manage the urban services as well [9] [10]. Kramers et al. (2014) [12] later emphasized the work of Schaffers et al. (2011) [11], which pointed out the fact that it is necessary to have a smart city in order to have the following things: Creation of a rich environment of the various broadband networks, which would be supporting the digital applications [11]. Initiation of a large-scale participatory process for innovation in order to create the applications. There exists few cities, which has been associated with appreciating the concept of smart cities, which they have also applied at the row domain in order to enjoy the various types of benefits and meet the needs of the city. Nam and Pardo (2011) was associated with dividing the smart cities into three different dimensions [13]. The three different dimensions includes the technology, population and lastly the institutions. According to this division made by the authors investments made on these three dimensions mainly aims at developing the quality of the life, promoting the management of the natural resources. This is initially associated with allowing the institutions to contribute in the various innovative process and provide better service to the citizens, strengthens the debates and involves the participation of the politics [2]. According to Dizdaroglu and Yigitcanlast (2016) one must consider into account the idea of the sustainable urban development while studying the smart cities [14]. This would help in better understanding of the term sustainability. Along with this the above process can also be considered as a process for change of how the resources are being exploited, the directions in which the investments are being made, development of the technology and lastly the institutional changes. All this are consistent and the needs of the future as well as the present. The term sustainability has gained its importance from the 1990s [15]. This is associated with denoting the relationship that exists between the social economies and the environmental sustainability aspects derived from combination of the indictors of each of the components. The current vision is mainly associated with addressing the three main issues and talk about the sustainable cities [16]. After considering all the aspects Hiremath et al. (2013) described the sustainable kind of urban development in order to achieve proper kind of balance between the developments of the urban areas and the protecting the environment [17]. This was done with a vision of equity in the process of income, employment, shelter, basic information, basic shelter, transportation, and social infrastructure in the urban areas. The interest upon the spread of the smart cities and adjacent concepts, which are associated with a number of factors. The factors might include the following: Major portion of the population of the world who are living in the cities. Changes in the climate Scarcity in the natural resources Globalization Increased rate of competition. Along with this the cities also needs to provide services that are much more improved and customizable [10]. Dhingra and Chattopadhyay (2016) stated that a smart and a sustainable city is having certain goals, which are to be achieved, and should be adaptable along with being reliable, scalable, accessible and resilient [18]. The goals might include the following: improved quality of life of the citizens, ensuring the fact that the growth is associated with better employment opportunities, Improvement of the well-being of the citizens and this would be done by ensuring the access of the citizens to the social as well as the community services. Ensuring the fact that efficient service is delivered and this would include the basic services and the infrastructure like the public transportation, drainage water supply and many more. Having the ability of addressing the climatic conditions and the issues of the environment. Providing of regulatory and local governance mechanisms, which are much more effective and ensures the policies, which are equitable. It has been observed that when the environmental issues are being considered in the smart cities then the discussions becomes much more political in nature and consider the international resolutions along with the innovative solutions to combat the various complex challenges. The author also stated that there exists four major attributes of eth smart cities and this mainly includes the (1) Sustainability, (2) Quality of the life, (3) Urban aspects and (4) Intelligence. This four attributes are analyzed four major themes and this includes the (1) society, (2) economy, (3) environment and (4) governance [19] [20]. Later the themes stated above was presented by Yigitcanlar and Velibeyoglu (2008) and Yigitcanlar and Lonnqvist (2013) by their idea regarding the knowledge based urban development and this is another kind of concept which is related to the development of the smart cities [21] [22]. Yigitcanlar and Lee (2014) also proposed a similar concept like the one proposed above which is known as the smart-eco city and this proposal mainly states that the cities should be ecologically healthy and use advanced technologies along with having an economically productive as well as environment friendly efficient industries [23]. They should be also having a responsible and harmonious systematic culture along with an aesthetic and living landscape, which is functional in nature. In smart cities, the wireless sensor network acts as a major source for generation of heterogeneous information. The information that is generally generated by the various types of sensor often overlaps along with being partial as well. In order to tackle the challenges which are related the fusion of the partial data acts as a major challenge in the research. According to the Dempster Shafer Theory of Evidence which was proposed by the Dempster and was later extended by the Shafer is considered as an extension of the traditional probability [31] [32]. This can be used for the purpose of reasoning which occurs under certain conditions. In a similar way, Tazid et al considered all the merits as well as the demerits of the various combination rules, which are generally used in the fusion of sensor data [33]. Yoon, and Suh and Javadi et al. by making use of the Dempster-Shefer approach made the fusion of the sensor data in the environmental domains [35]. The proposed data fusion approac h were limited to the several devices along with their functionality for a single smart city. There also exists some Smart city projects like the IBM projects SCRIB provides the definition of the smart city has with respect to the semantic model. This is based upon the data that has been gathered from different parts of the world. Some standards are used for defining the SCRIBE ontology, these standards might include the Common Alerting Protocol and the national Information Exchange Model or the NIEM. These standards address the issues related to heterogeneous data in various smart city domains. In a similar way, the Smart Santander project is also associated with evaluating the key building blocks of the IoT and this mainly includes the various interactions and the mechanism of the management protocol. Various kinds of sensors would be used in different cities and would be associated with exploiting the different applications. Along with this the the development of the test bed would also be helping in the exploitation of various Smart city domains which might include the mo nitoring of the environment, intensity of the traffic, and many more. Besides this the City Sensor Project also aimed at improving the human infrastructure which is existing and this initially helped in the providing of better services for eth citizens by means of exploitation of the available resources in a much more efficient way. But this projects have a drawback which is they are not capable of providing a detailed information about the way they are being implemented. Additionally the semantic model of eth project also does not specify the way in which they would be incorporating the aspects which are uncertain in nature. After considering all this aspects it is suggested to use an approach which is enriched semantically and is generally inferred by means of the intelligent customized applications in a smart city. Along with this the fusion approach which is based upon the domains of the expert knowledge and the process of reasoning which makes use of the Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence. Therefore, it can be concluded that this approach is the best, which would be well-suited for the purpose of dealing with the various uncertainty in the heterogeneous data for the smart city models. Along with this, it is also seen that the data, which is generated by the IoT devices, are heterogeneous in nature. Metholodgy The modern wireless technologies and the wireless sensors network are to be implemented in the future Smart City system, which would be providing powerful, flexible and intelligent support for the peoples who would be living in the cities. The figure that has been provided below shows the proposed architecture of Smart city, which is known to be an extension of the, previously restricted system. The process of integrating the wireless sensor networks and the wireless communication services has decided some aims and this includes the real-time high-level context-aware customized services, living environments, which would be much better and improved utilization of the resources, which are available. The sensory data that are deployed in the smart cities are associated with providing the primary data for purpose of generating the heterogeneous information. The information that is generally provided by the sensor nodes is generally collected by making use of the communication systems, wh ich are existing. Once the collection of the data is completed then the processing and analysis of the data is done by means of semantic web technologies the Dempster-Shafer combination rule. The deploying of this architecture on the cloud platforms can be used as a SaaS or software as a service. Fig 1: Various Components of the Smart City The architecture that has been proposed would be helping in numerous ways. This system would also be associated with serving as one of the intelligent platform for those who are living in a smart society. Data is collected from smart city domains and is combined which would be helping the architecture in assisting the peoples in a smart manner. The main steps that are to be followed for the purpose of implementing the architecture is described below which starts with the collection of the data and processing in order to make them consumable by the web. After the conversion of the data is completed into common factors then they are enriched semantically by making use of the OWL concept. Which is generally based upon the knowledge of the experts in the domain. Besides this at the same level, the data which has been collected are also processed by making use of the Dempster-Shafer rules. This is done in order deal with the uncertainty aspects of the semantic model. The main idea include s the reorganization of the activities and learn the new rules, which would be governing the activities. The new rules would also be used for defining the knowledge of the semantic models. This approach would also be used for defining the services, which are customizable and would be providing the feedbacks to the users at the end by means of alerts or warnings. Fig 2: Multi-Level Smart City Architecture The figure provided above shows the primary sources of the generating the information. The Raw data which are generally sensed by the sensor nodes is sent to the Level 1 architecture of the Smart city by using the communication service and this is further associated with performing processing of the information in the future. The levels have been discussed in details in the following section of this report. Level 1: Collection of the data: The collected data is stored for the purpose of further processings in this level. The data is generally collected from various types of sensors. Data is collected in different forms and is then converted into a common format. Level 2: Processing of the data: In this level the information which has been gathered from the previous level is then summarized before the transmission, analysis and fusion fusions in the next levels by suing the web related technologies. The main objective includes the conversion of the collected data into a common format, which might include the Resource Description Framework or the RDF. This is one of the most common ways, which can be used in order to exchange the information over the web, and this is also associated with facilitating the sharing of heterogeneous data and the integration for the different smart cites [37]. This is also associated with defining the metadata about the resources present in the web. Along with this various software also might use the RDF for the purpose of reasoning the operations in an intelligent way. Level 3: Reasoning and aggregation of the data: Semantic web technologies is associated with exploiting the domain specific data which is based upon the concepts as well as the relationship that exists between the concepts. Web ontology language or the OEL is generally used for the purpose of publishing the ontologies. OWL is an RDF graph is built by making use of the RDF and the ontologies. This is associated with allowing the classification of the individuals or the concepts, which are based on the different classes. This also provides two types of properties, this can be used in order to form various relationships that exists between different classes, and this includes the property of the data and the property of the object. After the classification of the data is completed, then it is further enriched with the experts of the domain and the uncertain reasonings. here the Dempster-Shafer would be used for recognizing the activities and learn the new rules in the particular domain of the discourse [36]. The Dempster-Shafer is used for combining the data of the sensors from various smart cities. This would greatly help in the learning of the new technologies by making use of uncertain reasoning, which would be assisting in achieving an intelligent smart system. SPARQL is an RDF query language which is used for the purpose of query, retrieving and manipulating the data or the record which are stored in the format of RDF. After the database is used or provided in the form of RDF triples then the SPARQL would be enabling the query and retrieval of the data in the same format. Initially this level would be motivating towards the fusion of information at low level. The new rules, which would be learnt by this process of extraction of the context information at the high level from the raw data of the sensors, would be stored. This would be used for building up of the knowledge in the architecture of the Smart city. Level 4: Alerts and control of the device: The data which has been obtained from the level 3 can be used by different web applications for various operating condition which are intelligent in nature. The data, which has been inferred, can be utilized in different ways, which might include the input or the output, messages, alerts and the warnings. A very important role is played by the communication for achieving the concept of the smart city. The figure which has been provided below is associated with showing the communication services which are existing and this is used in a Smart city infrastructure which might include the 3G, LTE, Wi-Fi, WiMAX and many more. The main aim includes the connection of all sort of things, which would be helping in the making of the life of the citizens more comfortable as well as safe [38]. The combination of the smart city and the communication technologies would be associated with making the cities much more secure and provide a convenient infrastructure for living in a better way. Fig 3: The communication system in a Smart city The figure provided below shows the customized services present in a smart city. This can be better understood by the use of an example that is in case of eth vehicle and the health domains combination of the sensor data is done in order to measure the impacts of the driver health parameters on driving conditions. For cases which involve the environment an administration domain, the low-level information which is collected from eth environment domain and includes thing like the temperature and eth water level would be helping in driving the customization of the high-level information. Whenever a high-level customized information is combined with the services related to city administration then it would be greatly helping in the saving of lives. In a similar way for the industrial sector, the context-aware services would be obtained by means of heterogeneous fusion of the data and this would be greatly helping in the creation of a safe working environment by the workers of the factory. Conclusion A revolution has taken place in the idea of smart city and has evolved totally into a new era assisted by recent developments in the ICT which has combined the wireless sensor networks and also the computer networks. The main aim of this report includes the addressing of some of the services which are customizable in a Smart city environment. This is generally done by making use of the semantic modeling and the Dempster-Shafere theory. Along with this by making of the Dempster-Shafer approach in the architecture of smart city would be helping in addressing the various uncertainty aspects in the smart city and this would also help in focusing on the important areas of the smart city environment. It has been seen that that the IoT is associated with bringing various changes in the daily lives of everyone. Which is initially responsible for helping in making the lives of people much easier and more comfortable. Various technologies and applications are used in the smart cities for perfo rming various functions the usefulness of IoT is innumerable. However, with the benefits there also exists some disadvantage of the IoT while using it in the smart cities. It can also be concluded that the real application of the IoT in the smart cities is still in its infancy phase. However, the potential of the IoT has been identified which initially not makes it much more hard to imagine the services that would be provided in the future. References: Khan, R., Khan, S. U., Zaheer, R., Khan, S. (2012, December). Future internet: the internet of things architecture, possible applications and key challenges. InFrontiers of Information Technology (FIT), 2012 10th International Conference on(pp. 257-260). IEEE. Caragliu, A., Del Bo, C., Nijkamp, P. (2011). Smart cities in Europe.Journal of Urban Technology, 18(2), 6582. Lazaroiu, G. C., Roscia, M. (2012). Definition methodology for the smart cities model.Energy, 47(1), 326332. Lee, J. H., Hancock, M. G., Hu, M. C. (2014). Towards an effective framework for building smart cities: Lessons from Seoul and San Francisco.Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 89, 8099. 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Belonging narrative free essay sample

An individuals sense of belonging is determined by not only an individuals choices but also attitudes of others. How accurate is this statement: Belonging is defined as being an individuals need to fit in to a specific location. The statement an individuals sense of belonging is determined by not only an individuals choices but also attitudes of others. this is highly accurate; this can be seen within the text the redfern address by Paul Keating. Belonging is the process in which an individuals perceptions, social allegiance and dentities are formed, reinforced or destroyed. In order to establish a sense of belonging, an individual must first understand their need to belong, and comprehend the world in which they want to belong. When an individual does belong, they are able to feel a connectedness and security with those that they belong with, and often share the same values and beliefs. However there are many barriers that can prevent this. We will write a custom essay sample on Belonging narrative or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These can be seen through the form of attitudes and lack of acceptance, however an individuals choice can also be the incentive for belonging. This idea is clearly present within the speech the red fern address by Paul Keating, through which the composer indicates that in order for indigenous Australians to fully belong in Australian society , the attitudes of wider Australian society need to change. To begin, the political speech the redfern address by Paul Keating demonstrates how an individuals sense of belonging is not only determined by and individuals choices but also attitudes of others. The speech highlights the negative consequences of exclusion and isolation, the factor, which was imposed upon the indigenous Australians during the European invasion. Paul Keating highlights how individuals sense of belonging can be determined by others attitudes within the line recognition that it was we who did the dispossessing, we took the traditional land and smashed the traditional way of life. This represents the acknowledgement of the actions of non-aboriginal Australians, upon the aboriginal population. The emotive language smashed the traditional way of life creates empathy towards the indigenous audience as non-aboriginal Australians tore them away from their traditional way of ife-sense of belonging, ultimately forcing them to belong to what the non-aboriginal Australians thought was the right way to live. Keating highlights the negative consequences of exclusion and isolation through the use of alliteration in the line . demoralization and desperation, the fractured identity. The alliteration within the term desperation and demoralization highlights the consequences of the attitudes of the Europeans that was imposed upon the indigenous Australians as children were removed from their homes and families had their land taken away, in which ractured their sense ot belonging. Theretore the speech the redtern address highlights the notion that and individuals sense of belonging is not only determined by individual choices but by the attitudes and implements of others. Furthermore the text the redfern address explored the suffering and trauma, which resulted upon the aboriginal Australians from the imposition of the attitudes of non- aboriginal Australians. When Keating discusses Australias failure to bring much more than devastation and demoralization to aboriginal Australia, he acknowledges he vital role of social acceptance shaping a positive sense of wellbeing -something indigenous Australians have been denied throughout history. Keating also highlights the serious consequences of social rejection on both a personal and social level, which turn affects and individuals ability to allow a strong sense of belonging. Keating utilizes the literary techniques of inclusive language in the line, I think we all need to open our hearts a little bit, as it highlights the sympathy from the responder, as those belonging to the dominant cultural group are able to recognize their part in aintaining the oppression of the indigenous Australians, which allows the responder to relate to their dislocation and displacement. The oppression of the indigenous Australians convey how an individuals belonging is not only controlled by their choices, but by the attitudes of others. the red fern address, highlights how an individuals sense of belonging is not always subject to individuals choices, but by others attitudes. In conclusion, the text, The redfern address reinforces the notion that an individuals ense of belonging is not only determined by individuals choices but also by the attitudes of others.